浅谈船舶拆解作业的防污染监管

近年来,我国船舶拆解的数量大幅增长,船舶拆解作业中的污染防治问题日益突出。文章分析了船舶拆解行业的管理现状和存在的问题,并结合法律法规和海事监管的要求,提出了对船舶拆解作业防污染监管的对策与建议。     

蛇口集装箱码头船用供电系统方案设计

介绍蛇口集装箱码头5#~9#泊位码头船用供电系统设计。蛇口港主要停靠船舶的电网频率为60 Hz,配电电压有6.6 kV和0.44 kV两种,岸电供电系统电源考虑两种电压等级,以满足不同船舶的需求。该供电方案灵活性强,节能减排效果明显。     

海军舰船防污技术指标及其发展思路

通过总结国际海事组织（IMO）船舶防污公约及国内外相关法律法规标准中关于船舶废弃物的排放要求和处理技术,针对海军舰船主要污染源油污水、生活污水、固体垃圾、废气排放、压载水的技术指标进行对比分析,论述了防污技术指标发展趋势,探讨了海军舰船防污技术指标的发展思路。     

谈湄洲湾海域环境污染的防控及执法监管

通过对湄洲湾海域生态环境和人文环境的描述,结合中国海洋环境污染的典型案例,阐述保护湄洲湾海域环境的法律措施,并展望保护湄洲湾海域环境的设想。     

论汽车排放污染控制与治理之浅见

当今社会,汽车已经成为人们出行的重要交通工具,随着汽车保有量的增加汽车排气污染也变得日益严重,阴霾天、PM2.5就是最直接的影响,温室气体CO2的排放量也是一个很客观的量。因此,加强汽车排放污染的控制与治理是必须的。     

北京、上海、杭州机动车对PM2.5的贡献度差异

北京、上海、杭州3个城市的人口规模、城市功能、发展阶段不尽相同,交通结构和交通政策各有差异,但数据反映的交通对PM2.5的贡献度相当,背后原因值得探究。从PM2.5源解析结构和交通自身影响两个环节入手,对其内部机理和原因进行深入分析。就源解析结构而言,三城市在区域输送、本地源排放中的能源结构和产业结构等均有较大差异。就交通自身影响而言,北京、杭州过境道路交通影响较大,而上海的交通污染贡献还包括远洋船舶。因此,三城市机动车对PM2.5的贡献度存在差异,建议北京PM2.5的治理关注区域、燃煤和过境车辆要素,上海关注工业、船舶污染,杭州关注工业、燃煤、扬尘等影响。     

关于对超载船舶实施长效管理的思考

船舶超载运输严重威胁船舶航行安全、扰乱水运市场正常秩序。如何根治这一“顽症”，是个非常值得研究的课题。本文在全面剖析船舶超载运输的危害性和原因的基础上，联系海事管理的实际，对打击水上超载运输，特别是实施长效管理措施方面，提出了具有实际意义的建议。     

水泥混凝土路面板破坏的原因及其防治

根据我国已建成通车的高等级公路水泥混凝土路面的使用情况,从路基施工、路面施工及路表面排水处理等方面较全面地分析了水泥混凝土路面板破坏的原因及其防治。     

A system dynamics modeling for urban air pollution: A case study of Tehran,Iran

Development of strategies to control urban air pollution is a complex process involving a wide range of sciences. In this study a system dynamics model is proposed in order to estimate the behavior of parameters affecting air pollution in Tehran. The proposed model includes two subsystems: (1) urban transportation, (2) air polluting industries. In this paper, several policies are proposed to mitigate air pollution. The proposed model is simulated under several scenarios using historical data of transportation and industrial sectors in Tehran. Policies are categorized as: (1) road construction, (2) technology improvement in fuel and automotive industries, (3) traffic control plans, (4) development of public transportation infrastructures. The results show effectiveness of the proposed policies. In this case, technology improvement in fuel and automotive industries and development of public transportation infrastructures are more effective policies in order to reduce air pollution.     

Integrated analysis of GHGs and public health damage mitigation for developing urban road transportation strategies

This study attempts to present an urban road transportation strategy focusing on the mitigation of both GHGs emission and public health damage, taking Xiamen City as a case study. We developed a Public Health and GHGs Emission model to estimate the impacts of direct energy-consumption-related GHGs emissions and public health damage in Xiamen’s road transportation strategies from 2008 to 2025, considering the environmental benefits and economic costs. Two scenarios were designed to describe future transportation strategies for Xiamen City, and mitigation potentials for both GHGs emission and public health costs were estimated from 2008 to 2025 under a series of options. The results show that enacting controls on private vehicles would be most effective to GHGs mitigation, while enacting controls on government and rental vehicles would contribute the most to NO₂ and PM2.5 reductions. Compared with the Business as Usual scenario, the Integrated scenario would achieve about a 68% energy consumption reduction and save 0.23 billion yuan (95% CI: 0.16, 0.32) in health costs in 2025. It is clear that integrated and advisable strategies need to mitigate the adverse impacts of urban road vehicles on GHGs emissions and public health and economic costs, particularly in regions of rapid urbanization.