Cooperation of Science and Management for Harmful Algal Blooms: Domoic Acid and the Washington Coast Razor Clam Fishery

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) may be increasing in frequency and intensity worldwide. Coastal economies suffer significant income losses when fisheries or beaches are closed to protect human health and subsistence fishing communities are at risk. Despite these hardships, managers must often conservatively close harvests across a wide area or for long periods, because they lack scientific information that would allow them to predict HAB events. The outer coast of Washington State has experienced several closures of the razor clam (Siliqua patula) fishery starting in 1991, due to domoic acid (DA) contamination caused by toxic blooms of the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia. Improved science-based management was needed to minimize the impact of DA on this fishery and the coastal communities that relied on it for income, tourism, and subsistence. The Olympic Region Harmful Algal Bloom (ORHAB) Partnership, comprised of state and tribal managers, scientists, and local stakeholders, evolved in response to this need; it has been successful in its mission. Here we examine ORHAB through the lens of the Institutional Analysis and Development framework, in order to identify key factors contributing to its success. The relevance of our findings for other ORHAB-like institutions in the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere is discussed.     

两种钛基涂层电极电催化氧化酸性品红研究

采用热氧化法制备了Ti／SnO2和Ti／SnO2-Sb2O3电极,以酸性品红为研究对象,对比了两种电极材料的电催化效果。结果表明：相对于Ti／SnO2阳极,Ti／SnO2-Sb2O3阳极对酸性品红有着更好的去除效率和降解速率。两种电极的电催化氧化过程均符合一级动力学模型。酸性品红在Ti／SnO2—Sb2O3阳极上电催化氧化降解过程的紫外-可见光谱图表明在电流密度75mA·cm^-2,电解质N恕SO4浓度12g-L^-1的条件下,处理100mg·L^-1的酸性品红模拟废水,60min内其在λmax=545nm的特征吸收峰消失,酸性品红基本去除,但同时生成了部分小分子中间产物。     

新型穿流式搅拌桨在湿法磷酸反应器中的应用

介绍了湿法磷酸的生产工艺和反应设备,提出了一种适于到反应器的新型搅拌浆,从反应机理对该浆在磷酸反应器中的操作性能进行了分析,认为应用穿流式浆将强化涡流扩散,提高液体湍动程度,从而可能达到提高反应强度、提高磷的分解率、加收率并且降低能耕,得到较好的磷石膏晶体,在工厂进行的实际试验也证实了一结果。     

不饱和脂肪酸甲酯诱导柴油机润滑油氧化衰变模拟研究

在柴油机润滑油中分别加入不同比例的硬脂酸甲酯、油酸甲酯和亚油酸甲酯,通过高温氧化试验对柴油机润滑油的氧化过程进行了模拟。采用旋转氧弹法和傅里叶红外光谱对柴油机润滑油的氧化诱导期和氧化衰变产物结构组成进行了试验分析。结果表明,不饱和脂肪酸甲酯的存在加速了柴油机润滑油的氧化,且不同质量等级的脂肪酸甲酯对柴油机润滑油氧化速率影响程度不同,其由大到小顺序依次为CD 15W/40+亚油酸甲酯,CD 15W/40+油酸甲酯,CD 15W/40+硬脂酸甲酯,CD 15W/40。     

维甲酸胶囊的制备及临床应用

研究了治疗骨髓增生异常综合症（ＭＤＳ）的药物维甲酸胶囊的处方、生产工艺及质量标准。应用维甲酸胶囊治疗４例骨髓增生异常综合症，剂量为６０～１２０ｍｇ／ｄ不等，１例２３ｄ共服用２７６０ｍｇ，全部获得好转。４例患者在用药期间均未出现肝功能损害。