A study on the effect of different tyre imperfections on steering wheel vibration

Multibody dynamics and tyre models have made possible detailed analysis not only for ride and handling, but also for determining their effects on tyre nonuniformities. The aim of this paper is to analyse the steering wheel vibration, both shimmy and shake, excited by different tyre imperfections by using the commercial simulation package ADAMS/car 2005R2 and FTire. Different settings with respect to imperfection locations, amount, and the combined effects of defects have been studied. An interesting beat phenomenon is observed when all the wheels have imperfections. A procedure to determine the type of imperfections in the tyre from the results of the test rig has also been proposed.     

A planar quasi-static constraint mode tyre model

The fast-paced, iterative, vehicle design environment demands efficiency when simulating suspension loads. Towards that end, a computationally efficient, linear, planar, quasi-static tyre model is developed in this work that accurately predicts a tyre's lower frequency, reasonably large amplitude, nonlinear stiffness relationship. The axisymmetric, circumferentially isotropic, stiffness equation is discretised into segments, then parameterised by a single stiffness parameter and two shape parameters. The tyre's deformed shape is independent of the overall tyre stiffness and the forces acting on the tyre. Constraint modes capture enveloping and bridging properties and a recursive method yields the set of active constraints at the tyre–road interface. The nonlinear stiffness of a tyre is captured by enforcing unidirectional geometric boundary conditions. The model parameters are identified semi-empirically; simulated cleat test loads match experiments within 7% including nonlinear stiffness when simulating a flat plate test and a discontinuous stiffness when simulating a cleat test.     

A reduced-order nonlinear sliding mode observer for vehicle slip angle and tyre forces

In this paper, a reduced-order sliding mode observer (RO-SMO) is developed for vehicle state estimation. Several improvements are achieved in this paper. First, the reference model accuracy is improved by considering vehicle load transfers and using a precise nonlinear tyre model ‘UniTire’. Second, without the reference model accuracy degraded, the computing burden of the state observer is decreased by a reduced-order approach. Third, nonlinear system damping is integrated into the SMO to speed convergence and reduce chattering. The proposed RO-SMO is evaluated through simulation and experiments based on an in-wheel motor electric vehicle. The results show that the proposed observer accurately predicts the vehicle states.     

高速公路养护经费测算方法研究

根据指标体系的确定原则,构建了高速公路养护维修率的指标体系;结合调研数据特点,提出养护维修率的定量预测方法及6个计算变量;建立了基于综合路况的公路公里养护维修费用计算模型,并提出模型中的关键参数基准值和权重系数的确定方法。实例验证结果表明,本研究方法可为养护经费的合理分配提供决策依据。     

城市轨道交通建设中安全管理技术的应用

结合目前我国城市轨道交通建设大规模、多线路、网络化的特点,详尽分析新形势下轨道交通安全管理工作的目标、内容及组织结构,对实现安全管理目标提出相应建议.     

基于双轴速率转台的IMU440惯性测量单元快速标定方法与实验

在捷联惯导系统中,惯性器件的确定性误差是系统误差的主要原因之一。为了提高惯导系统的输出精度,必须对这一误差加以补偿。以美国Crossbow公司开发的IMU440惯性测量单元为对象进行了快速标定实验,建立了陀螺仪和加速度计的误差模型方程,提出了用于辨识陀螺仪和加速度计误差模型参数的速率和位置标定法,根据两种标定方法得到了IMU440惯性测量单元的误差模型,最后对误差模型进行了校验。实验结果表明,误差补偿后的惯性器件输出值可以很好地接近理想输出值,大大降低了捷联惯导系统的输出误差。     

山区公路岩土复合型高切坡稳定性分析

山区路基开挖易形成岩土复合型高切坡,其破坏机制和稳定性分析通常当作单一岩质或土质边坡进行处理,并造成治理缺乏针对性和有效性。基于岩土复合型高切坡特点,将其破坏模式归纳为上部土体内部破坏、上部土体沿土岩界面破坏、下部岩层平面滑动、下部岩层倾倒破坏四种类型,进而提出了岩土复合型高切坡稳定性分析流程,并通过重庆某主干道山区公路工程算例进行了验证。结果表明:在对边坡进行优化设计的基础上,其稳定性能满足《建筑边坡工程技术规范》的要求。     

空调系统自动模式下内循环控制分析

介绍自动空调系统的组成及控制原理。对空调系统自动模式下两种空气品质环境中内循环的控制逻辑进行详细分析,通过低成本的车速补偿控制逻辑及环境光补偿控制逻辑方案对内循环的控制,实现了对车内空气品质的控制。     

CRCP与铁路通道连接新方式应用研究

介绍一种新的端部处理方式,采用锚固地梁与无缝伸缩缝相结合的措施来连接连续配筋混凝土路面和铁路通道。锚固地梁主要用来约束路面面层的膨胀位移,无缝伸缩缝既保证通道的自由变形又保证接缝处的行车平整。通过ABAQUS有限元程序分析了锚固地梁的应力和位移,结果表明:该连接方式具有较好的适用性。     

基于神经网络的汽车磁流变减振器非参数化建模

结合汽车用减振器的工作特点,按照国产某微型轿车后悬架的技术要求,设计了基于混合工作模式的单出杆单筒磁流变减振器,并进行了实物样品研制。根据流体力学理论,建立混合工作模式下磁流变减振器计算模型,并对磁流变减振器的阻尼力、动态响应时间及其影响因素进行了理论分析。对设计的磁流变减振器进行台架动态特性测试,试验结果表明：单出杆...