墩台施工监理中的若干问题

针对工程的特殊性 ,管理人员在质量控制方面及相关协调工作方面进行了必要的调整和大胆尝试 ,最终促成该项目的圆满完成。     

经直肠豚鼠志贺菌痢疾模型的改良

目的改良经直肠途径建立豚鼠志贺菌痢疾动物模型的方法。方法 20只受试豚鼠根据感染前24 h禁食或不禁食处理分为2组,8只非禁食组参照文献经直肠灌注致病性福氏志贺菌sf301菌株,12只禁食组经直肠分别灌注PBS(5只)和sf301菌株(7只),观察受试豚鼠的感染症状,通过组织病理学方法证实其发病与否。结果非禁食组豚鼠仅有1只(1/8)在感染后24 h内表现出明显的体重减轻、发热等典型的菌痢症状。禁食组经直肠灌注sf301菌株的豚鼠(6/7)在感染后24 h内有显著的发热症状,体重减轻则发生在感染后的24~48 h内;灌注PBS的豚鼠(0/5)无异样症状。组织病理学结果显示,发病豚鼠结肠末端的黏膜以及黏膜下层遭到明显的破坏,肠壁增厚,出现水肿、糜烂、大量中性粒细胞浸润等。结论成功建立了改良的经直肠豚鼠志贺菌痢疾动物模型。     

Real-time traffic state estimation in urban corridors from heterogeneous data

In recent years, rapid advances in information technology have led to various data collection systems which are enriching the sources of empirical data for use in transport systems. Currently, traffic data are collected through various sensors including loop detectors, probe vehicles, cell-phones, Bluetooth, video cameras, remote sensing and public transport smart cards. It has been argued that combining the complementary information from multiple sources will generally result in better accuracy, increased robustness and reduced ambiguity. Despite the fact that there have been substantial advances in data assimilation techniques to reconstruct and predict the traffic state from multiple data sources, such methods are generally data-driven and do not fully utilize the power of traffic models. Furthermore, the existing methods are still limited to freeway networks and are not yet applicable in the urban context due to the enhanced complexity of the flow behavior. The main traffic phenomena on urban links are generally caused by the boundary conditions at intersections, un-signalized or signalized, at which the switching of the traffic lights and the turning maneuvers of the road users lead to shock-wave phenomena that propagate upstream of the intersections. This paper develops a new model-based methodology to build up a real-time traffic prediction model for arterial corridors using data from multiple sources, particularly from loop detectors and partial observations from Bluetooth and GPS devices.     

Multi-step prediction of experienced travel times using agent-based modeling

This paper develops an agent-based modeling approach to predict multi-step ahead experienced travel times using real-time and historical spatiotemporal traffic data. At the microscopic level, each agent represents an expert in a decision-making system. Each expert predicts the travel time for each time interval according to experiences from a historical dataset. A set of agent interactions is developed to preserve agents that correspond to traffic patterns similar to the real-time measurements and replace invalid agents or agents associated with negligible weights with new agents. Consequently, the aggregation of each agent’s recommendation (predicted travel time with associated weight) provides a macroscopic level of output, namely the predicted travel time distribution. Probe vehicle data from a 95-mile freeway stretch along I-64 and I-264 are used to test different predictors. The results show that the agent-based modeling approach produces the least prediction error compared to other state-of-the-practice and state-of-the-art methods (instantaneous travel time, historical average and k-nearest neighbor), and maintains less than a 9% prediction error for trip departures up to 60 min into the future for a two-hour trip. Moreover, the confidence boundaries of the predicted travel times demonstrate that the proposed approach also provides high accuracy in predicting travel time confidence intervals. Finally, the proposed approach does not require offline training thus making it easily transferable to other locations and the fast algorithm computation allows the proposed approach to be implemented in real-time applications in Traffic Management Centers.     

Emergence of cooperation in congested road networks using ICT and future and emerging technologies: A game-based review

Information and communications technologies (ICT) and future and emerging technologies (FET) are expected to revolutionize transportation in the next generation. Travelers’ behavioral adaptation is a key to their success. We discuss the notion of managing traffic congestion by enhancing cooperation in road networks enabled with ICT and FET. Cooperation is an emergent social state related to the dynamics and complexity of road traffic and reinforced learning. Game theory and research in behavioral economics show that cooperation can be leveraged to efficiently solve social dilemmas similar to traffic congestion. We review the applicability of behavioral economics and game theory concepts to route, mode and departure time choice problems. Beyond advancing theory, research on cooperation in the context of transportation is still in its infancy. We discuss state-of-the-art methodologies and their weaknesses and review the unexplored opportunities inherent in game-based methodologies. A behavioral-technological research agenda for FET is also discussed.     

高速铁路开行160km/h普速列车信号系统适应性研究与应用

针对目前160 km/h普速列车上线高速铁路运行的需求,进行技术方案可行性分析,从普速列车运行到动车组安全防护、过走防护进行研究。最后以兰新第二双线为例,提出适应实际工程的普速列车上线运行的技术方案。     

Estimating travel time functions for urban roads: options and issues

Travel time functions specify the relationship between the travel time on a road and the volume of traffic on the road. Until recently, the parameters of travel time functions were rarely estimated in practice; however, a compelling case can be made for the empirical examination of these functions. This paper reviews, and qualitatively evaluates, a range of options for developing a set of travel time functions. A hierarchy of travel time functions is defined based on four levels of network detail: area, corridor, route and link. This hierarchy is illustrated by considering the development of travel time functions for Adelaide. Alternative sources of data for estimating travel time functions are identified.

In general, the costs and benefits increase as the travel time functions are estimated at finer levels of network detail. The costs of developing travel time functions include data acquisition costs and analysis costs. The benefits include the potential for reducing prediction errors, the degree of application flexibility and the policy sensitivity of the travel time functions.     

沥青混凝土路面不平整的原因及预防措施

沥青混凝土路面的平整度是沥青路面的重要控制指标之一,也是车辆高速、舒适、安全通行的重要保证.对导致沥青混凝土路面不平整的原因进行分析,并提出了相应的预防措施,可供参考.     

混凝土路面施工裂缝成因及防治措施

按照产生原因不同，混凝土路面裂缝可以分为温度裂缝、沉降裂缝、干缩裂缝等多种类型。对不同裂缝产生的原因进行分析，并提出相应的预防措施，以提高混凝土路面施工质量。     

基于相对变形的大变形隧道地应力反算

针对复杂地质条件下高地应力大变形隧道地应力复杂多变的特点，为满足该类隧道动态设计对地应力资料的要求，提出基于上台阶开挖后拱腰水平收敛与拱顶下沉的相对比值并结合开挖揭示的围岩情况，建立二维数值模型反算地应力的方法。以丽江至香格里拉铁路中义隧道为例，对该方法进行详细说明。研究表明所述方法具有无需地应力测试、计算方便的优点，施工期间可用于地应力分析、预测。中义隧道典型区段地应力反算结果表明： 1）隧道出口及2号横洞工区的地应力分布特点并不相同； 2）围岩及埋深差别不大的区段，隧道水平收敛变形出现较大差异主要是由于地应力侧压力系数不同引起的。