基于遗传算法和可变多面体算法的耐压结构混合优化

水下结构设计的主要任务是如何进行结构优化,在保证水下结构安全可靠性的前提下减轻结构的自重.本文根据水下结构强度和稳定性要求,以遗传算法(GA)和可变多面体算法(SM)作为子算法构造了水下结构优化设计的混合优化策略,并应用于圆柱形耐压结构的优化设计,计算结果对于水下结构设计计算具有指导作用.     

基于分枝定界法的环肋圆柱壳优化研究

基于分枝定界方法,研究了环肋圆柱壳静水压力作用下,考虑强度和稳定性约束时重量最轻的混合变量优化设计问题,讨论了强度约束和稳定性约束以及材料、几何参数对优化结果的影响.该方法能够有效求解环肋圆柱壳的混合优化问题,计算量小,精度高;环肋圆柱壳经优化后,壳板的重量比例大约是70%,肋骨重量占30%.并且随壳体的长径比(L/R)变化不大.环肋圆柱壳的优化中,肋骨的应力约束是主要约束,肋骨应力已经非常接近许用应力标准,其他应力、局部和总体失稳压力还有一定的储备.     

基坑支护上的水土压力共同作用问题及建议

基坑支护结构上实测的内力常常远比用经典土力学理论计算的数值小。在计算方法和水土相互作用机理方面对于水土“分算”和“合算”这一有争论的问题进行了分析和讨论,该文探讨了土的微观结构特征及其对工程特性的影响,基于微观层面分析了土中水的存在类型及特征,研究了水土共同作用韵微观机理,给出了粘性土能否传递孔隙水压力的判别公式,指出这是一个有待于深入研究和探讨的课题。     

现代气压沉箱工法及其关键设备

随着城市地下空间的开发利用,大深度、大规模基坑施工不断出现,大深度地下施工技术的研究和应用越来越重要。该文简要介绍适合于大深度基坑施工的现代气压沉箱工法,主要包括该工法的优点、主要施工顺序,同时介绍了该工法关键设备——国产无人化遥控挖掘机的研制情况,供同行业技术人员参考。     

Optimized design for a MacPherson strut suspension with side load springs

Undesired lateral force inevitably exists in a MacPherson suspension system, which is liable to damper rod’s side wear and promotes the damper’s inner friction decreasing the ride performance from the suspension system. Substituting a new side load spring with curved centerline for the conventional coil spring has been proven able to solve these problems and Multi-body Dynamics combining with Finite Elements Analysis may be an efficient method in optimizing its design. Therefore, taking a passenger car as example, a detailed multi-body dynamics model for the suspension system is built to simulate forces exerted on the damper and the minimization of its lateral component is selected as the design target for the spring. When the structure optimization of the side load spring is performed using FEA software ANSYS, its vertical and lateral elastic characteristics, supported by test data, are analyzed. After importing FEA results back to the suspension system, the dynamics simulation can be performed to validate the optimization result.     

隧道长度对瞬变压力的影响

与阻塞比和车速不同,隧道长度对瞬变压力的影响呈现出明显的非单调性。这是在高速铁路隧道设计中必须考虑的问题。根据现场实测资料,研究分析了压力波的传播、反射和叠加规律,提出了单线隧道相应于压力变化不同情况的"最不利隧道长度"的计算图表及公式。     

Wind pressure distribution and wind-induced dynamic response for spatial groined latticed vaults

The wind pressure distribution and wind-induced vibration responses of long-span spatial groined latticed vaults (SGLVs) were numerically simulated, which always are ones of the most important problems in the structural wind resistance design. Incompressible visco-fluid model was introduced, and the standard k-εtwo equation model and semi-implicit method for pressure linked equation (SIMPLE) were used to describe the flow turbulence. Furthermore, the structural dynamic equation was set up, which is solved by Newmark-β method. And several sort of wind-induced vibration coefficients such as the wind-induced vibration coefficient corresponding to the nodal displacement responses and wind loads were suggested. In the numerical simulation where the SGLV consisting of the cylindrical sectors with different curved surface was chosen as the example,the influence on the relative wind pressure distribution and structural wind-induced vibration responses of the closed or open SGLV caused by such parameters as the number of cylindrical sectors, structural curvature and the ratio of rise to span was investigated. Finally, some useful conclusions on the local wind pressure distribution on the structural surface and the wind-induced vibration coefficients of SGLV were developed.     

高速列车司机室内气动噪声预测

为了降低司机室内的噪声,采用大涡模拟法计算了高速列车车头曲面的脉动压力,将脉动压力作为头车司机室有限元分析的激励载荷,通过谐响应分析求得司机室壁板的振动速度,将振动速度作为司机室声场边界元模型的激励条件,求出了司机室内的气动噪声在不同频率点的声压分布。计算结果表明:司机室内的声压级在52·3~58·8dB(A)之间变化,声压级较大点位于司机室前窗玻璃向车顶过渡处及纵向中截面型线附近,且在50~315Hz之间,声压幅值较大;司机室内的气动噪声主要是低频噪声,对纵向中截面型线采取更平滑的过渡形式,可降低司机室内的气动噪声。     

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随着我国公路隧道建设的蓬勃发展,连拱隧道的修建也越来越多。连拱隧道一般应用于中短隧道工程,常常存在浅埋偏压、地质条件较差等问题。河北省张石高速公路岔道2号隧道全长188m,属于双连拱隧道。围岩级别主要由IV、V两级构成,进口段围岩比较破碎,埋深较浅同时具有偏压现象,给施工带来了一定难度。本文采用现场监测与数值模拟两种手段,对隧道浅埋偏压段围岩开挖后的位移变形进行了分析研究。研究结果表明两种分析结果基本吻合,可见采用数值模拟方法在隧道工程分析上是可行的,同时也弥补了单一的现场监测方法存在的预见性较弱的缺陷。     

高填矩形、拱形截面明洞土压力差异性规律研究

为了得到矩形、拱形截面明洞土压力随填土高度的变化规律,采用模型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法进行研究,得到以下结果： 1）截面形式对明洞土压力大小影响很大,且基础刚度不同,差异性明显。拱形截面明洞洞顶轴线处竖向土压力大于矩形截面明洞。2）刚性基础拱形截面明洞洞顶同一平面竖向土压力变化呈减小-平缓的趋势,而柔性基础呈减小-增大-平缓的趋势; 矩形截面明洞呈增大-减小-平缓的趋势。3）刚性基础明洞洞顶同一平面水平土压力分布形式呈现出2个拱形,而柔性基础明洞仅在洞顶上方出现1个拱形。4）刚性基础拱形、矩形截面明洞洞顶至0.6倍洞高范围内土体位移分别呈“W”、“双V”形分布,0.6～3倍洞高内均呈“V”形分布,3倍洞高以上无相对沉降,而柔性基础明洞土体位移在0～3倍洞高内均为“V”形,3倍洞高以上无相对沉降。