淤泥质土封闭作用下侧压力试验研究

天然软土上覆的硬壳层对其下的软土具有封闭作用,会改变其下软土层侧压力分布及传递规律。为探究封闭作用下淤泥质土侧向土压力特性,通过模拟3种不同工况的室内试验,研究含水率、加载方式、硬壳层完整性对侧压力竖向分布规律,侧压力系数及横向传递特性的影响。试验结果表明:侧向土压力沿深度呈上段抛物线、下段近似直线的半抛物线形分布,其半抛物线趋势受含水率、荷载等级的影响;侧压力系数在一定范围内随深度增加,之后趋于稳定,受含水率影响不大。该结果证明,封闭状态下淤泥质土侧向受荷性能具有类似流体的性质,从工程安全角度考虑,设计时可将封闭状态下淤泥质土侧压力系数取为1。同时,硬壳层完整性对淤泥土中应力传递具有一定影响。     

Response of the Black Sea mean level to atmospheric pressure and wind forcing

The response of the Black Sea mean level to atmospheric pressure (AP) and wind forcing is investigated using 5 years of TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P hereafter) data. A coherence analysis is first applied to mean sea level and pressure to examine the validity of the inverse barometer (IB) approximation over this area. As expected, it reveals very significant deviations from an IB response attributed to the narrowness of the Bosphorus Strait and its limiting role in water exchanges. A comparison is drawn with the Mediterranean Sea case. A single basin version of the Candela analytical model [Candela, J., 1991. The Gibraltar Strait and its role in the dynamics of the Mediterranean Sea. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans 15, 267–300], which takes linear friction at the strait into account, is then used. The model explains a significant part of the T/P mean sea level variance (about 30%, while the IB correction only explains 5% of its variance) and provides a means to correct the altimeter data for the pressure effect much better than the standard IB effect. The response of the mean sea level to wind forcing is then analysed. Coherence analysis between sea level and along-strait wind stress (WS) reveals a significant coherence at periods ranging from 40 to 100 days, with an almost steady phase of 270°. This result is confirmed with a multiple coherence analysis (mean sea level vs. WS and AP). A plausible mechanism is a piling-up of water at the northern or southern end of the strait due to along-strait wind forcing. The associated along-strait pressure gradient would modify the barotropic flow in the strait and then the mean sea level. Using an extension of the Candela model, we show that this mechanism is consistent with T/P mean sea level observations.     

盾构施工工艺对铁路路基沉降影响的数值分析

以福州市轨道交通1号线下穿福州火车站铁路工程为依托,采用MIDAS/GTS有限元软件对双线盾构隧道进行分步施工模拟,揭示主要施工参数对路基沉降的影响规律。分析表明:路基预加固能有效减少下穿过程中路基的沉降量;土舱压力采用1.2~1.5倍土压力、注浆压力采用1.1~1.2倍土体自重应力对减少路基沉降效果较好;保证盾尾注浆率对减少路基沉降影响有显著效果。     

采空区稳定性评价与防治

随着高速公路的迅速发展,高速公路常常要通过煤矿采空区,采空区地表发生的变形或塌陷,严重影响着高速公路的建设和运营。依据朔环高速露天煤矿互通采空区的实际工程地质情况及特征,对互通内采空区进行了稳定性评价与危害分析,并提出了相应的互通采空区的防治方案。     

风道系统压力分布与风机关系的探讨

通过对常用的几种通风管道内的压力分布情况进行分析，可以在进行通风系统设计应用时，根据不同的通风管道布局，更加直观地判断风机选择的合理性，使通风管道的设计在保证使用效果的前提下，其初投资和运行费用降为最低。     

三轮摩托车无后桥调节杆机械式制动系统的可行性分析及CAD辅助设计

大部分三轮摩托车和三轮电动车机械制动型后悬架均采用有后桥调节杆结构,该结构的后悬架系统对制动系统影响不大,一般均能保证制动系统性能稳定,但后桥调节杆大多采用正、反向调节螺栓、螺母结构,行驶中容易松动或脱落,造成后桥中心线相对车身倾斜微小角度,车身纵向中心偏离直线行驶方向,存在左右车轮制动器制动不平衡等安全隐患。     

释能降压技术在野三关隧道中的应用

在溶腔处理中,宜万铁路首次采用释能降压施工技术,成功降低溶腔水位,对施工安全风险进行科学研究,确保施工安全。     

The effect of spring pads in the secondary suspension of railway vehicles on bogie yaw resistance

This paper deals with properties of bogie yaw resistance of an electric locomotive with secondary suspension consisting of flexi-coil springs supplemented with tilting spring pads. Transversal stiffness of a sample of a spring/pad assembly was measured on a dynamic test stand of the University of Pardubice (Czech Republic) and the results were applied into a multi-body model of the locomotive created in the simulation tool ‘SJKV’. On the basis of the simulation results, a detailed analysis of the bogie yaw resistance was performed in order to explain the effect in dynamic behaviour of the locomotive when the moment against bogie rotation (and therefore the distribution of guiding forces on individual wheels, as well) is influenced with the vehicle speed in a certain curve. Results of this analysis show that the application of suspension elements with strongly directionally dependent transversal stiffness into the secondary suspension can just lead to a dependency of the bogie yaw resistance on cant deficiency, i.e. on the vehicle speed in curve. This fact has wide consequences on the vehicle dynamics (especially on the guiding behaviour of the vehicle in curves) and it also points out that the current method of evaluation of the bogie yaw resistance according to relevant standards, which is related with assessment of the quasistatic safety of a railway vehicle against derailment, is not objective enough.     

高水压、大流量高原隧道富水区治理技术

详细介绍了关角隧道4号斜井高水压、大水量区域的治理方案，内容包括新型堵水材料选择、注浆堵水技术、投入机械设备，以及针对相应情况采取的技术措施。施工实践表明，该施工方案合理可行，效果良好。     

冷天气起飞时的高度修正研究

对飞机在冷天气起飞时是否应该对高度进行修正问题进行了研究，通过理论分析和实际计算证明：由于冬季低温天气实际温度大大低于标准大气温度，几何高度可能比气压高度低几百英尺甚至更多。因此，冷天气起飞时应该对改平高度进行修正。文中给出了冷天气高度修正的通用计算方法，并以波音公司的图表为例介绍了冷天气高度修正方法。