公路网规划环境影响评价中的不确定性分析

公路网规划环境影响评价中的不确定主要来自公路网规划方案的不确定和环境信息的不确定。具有普遍性、传递性、累积性和可降低性,对决策者存在着较大的干扰,但是可以通过使用基于情景分析的预测方法、广泛开展公众参与以及通过多方协作的方式开展环境影响评价工作等方法来降低。     

基于层次分析法与模糊综合评价法的公交线路运行效率研究

运用层次分析法与模糊综合评价法相结合的方法对长沙市公交线路运行效率进行评价,为交通监管部门的决策提供依据。     

城乡一体化的公交服务体系规划理论与实践研究

随着我国经济的不断发展,公共交通发挥着越来越重要的作用。城市化进程的加快和道路基础设施的改善为城乡一体化的公共交通体系提供了广阔的发展前景。研究了城乡一体化的公共交通服务体系规划的理论框架,并以汕头市为应用实例,提出了规划的可行性和实践性。     

中国城市交通拥堵对策研究

城市交通拥堵的根本原因是交通供求不平衡.在城市交通高速发展的今天,如何缓解交通供求矛盾已成为社会的热点问题.研究表明,做好规划、设计并建设好每项交通基础设施、加强交通需求管理、严肃执法、大力发展城市公交、完善城市路网等是有效解决城市交通拥堵的有利措施.     

基于GIS的公交乘客信息系统的研究

考虑到乘客出行的心理特征差异,利用公交乘客信息系统的关键技术和GIS的特性,建立基于公交乘客出行路径优化模型的城市公交乘客信息系统,可为进一步开发适合我国的城市公交乘客信息系统提供重要的参考.     

Environmental protection motivation in coastal zone land‐use legislation

Abstract

Analysis of recent substantive coastal land use management laws shows that their main thrust is to provide for protection of the coastal environment from adverse impacts of uncontrolled development. The four purposes cited most frequently among laws of 17 states were: Protection of wildlife and fisheries, protection of ecosystems or the natural environment, control of development, and enhancement of esthetic values. Other purposes were to: Protect life and property, enhance public recreation, conserve soil, and protect water resources. Development and economic purposes were cited in relatively few laws.     

Thermidor in land use control?

Abstract

In June 1987, the U.S. Supreme Court in Nollan v. California Coastal Commission held against the California Coastal Commission. Did this legal landmark signal the rise of a new, conservative jurisprudence of takings? And if yes, did that imply the demise of what had been accomplished by the so‐called quiet revolution in land use control that swept the country in the late 1960s and early 1970s? The complexities of this case cannot be understood apart from the historical evolution of the Coastal Commission's policies through the 1970s and 1980s, particularly its coastal access policies. Because of these policies the Coastal Commission, since its inception in 1972, has been subjected to all kinds of criticism, but at the same time has been widely praised for its balanced approach. These varying assessments of the role and record of the Commission also underly the conflicting viewpoints and arguments of Justices Scalia, who wrote for the majority in Nollan, and Brennan, who filed an extremely strong dissent. The resulting legal uncertainties, added to the political setbacks suffered from a lukewarm legislature and a hostile governor, forced the Commission to temper its assertive mission of maximizing coastal access, at least for the time being.     

基于理念更新的城市公共交通优先发展制度框架

破除发展理念误区与分歧、提升理念认识深度是加快推进中国城市公共交通优先(以下简称"公交优先")发展制度建设的首要任务。首先从公民权利和城市发展两方面总结了国际城市公交优先理念的基本内涵,并结合基本国情归纳了对中国城市公交优先理念的基本认识。接着,分析了国际城市公交优先不同制度与措施的战略出发点与实施效果,将公交优先理念划分为需求引导、品质吸引与效率提升三个层次。然后针对现状中国制度建设推进面临的问题,从核心价值、制度安排、工具与技术、绩效评价四个层次对城市公交优先发展的制度框架进行设计,提出制度建设在不同层面与不同阶段的任务、重点以及相关措施、建议。     

Port privatization under Cournot vs. Bertrand competition: a third-market approach

By incorporating port competition into a third-market model consisting of two exporting firms and one importing country, we demonstrate the endogenous choice of port structures (i.e. privatization or public ownership) under either Bertrand or Cournot competition. In contrast to previous studies on port competition, we analyze the port strategy in view of all trading countries (i.e. importing country and exporting countries). We find that regardless of transport cost, the port ownership strategy alters according to exporting firm’s competition mode. Under Bertrand competition, the choice of port ownership structure depends on the degree of imperfect substitutability. However, under Cournot competition, all trading countries choose same ownership structures of each port. By comparing equilibrium of each competition mode, we show that welfare of exporting country under Cournot competition is higher than under Bertrand competition if goods are sufficiently substitutes. In contrast, importing country prefers Bertrand competition to Cournot competition when the competitive pressure is sufficiently high.