基于车辆运行数据的纯电动汽车用户驾驶风格识别与驾驶能耗分析

驾驶风格是用来体现驾驶员在车辆运行状态下对车辆操作的行为特征,对用户驾驶风格进行识别与分析,有利于推进智能驾驶的发展。根据基于116 辆纯电动汽车的车辆运行数据,通过主成分分析方法与K-means 聚类算法,对用户驾驶行为进行分类分析,对驾驶风格进行了分类识别。利用XGBoost 算法构建纯电动汽车驾驶行为与能耗输入模型,利用SHAP 对模型进行解释。结果表明,将驾驶风格聚为3 类具有较好的分类效果,可分别对应冷静型、普通型与激进型;当驾驶员的驾驶风格趋向于激进型时时,车辆的驾驶能耗越高,驾驶风格激进一个层级,车辆百公里电耗增加3~4倍。当驾驶员行车时,其车速越高,油门踏板踩得越深,车辆加速度的绝对值越大,车辆的驾驶能耗越高。驾驶员的驾驶风格越激进,车辆的驾驶能耗越高。     

轻型车身材料在电动汽车上的应用与发展

随着电动汽车技术的发展,轻量化车身材料成为电动汽车研究的一个重要方向。本文介绍了高强度钢板、铝合金、镁合金、金属泡沫等轻型材料在电动汽车上的应用,并例举了国内外的应用发展情况,指出塑料、复合材料是未来轻型材料的发展方向。     

电动汽车CAN总线通用协议的应用研究

以类菱形混合动力电动汽车(qr_HEV)研制过程中的具体应用为背景,以CAN总线的车辆应用层通信标准SAE J1939为参考,针对各种类型电动汽车的特点,提出了一种通用协议CN2004(包括CN2004A和CN2004B),并对29位ID的通信协议CN2004B进行了详细的介绍,在qr_HEV上的运用实践表明该协议是可行的。     

增程式电动车的APU控制策略的研究

提出了一种由永磁同步电机和汽油机组成的辅助动力单元(APU)的控制策略.通过仿真与试验选定控制参数.为改善APU的动态和稳态性能,采用模糊控制策略.试验结果表明,本文提出的控制策略能很好地满足增程式电动车的性能需求.     

A review of EVs charging: From the perspective of energy optimization,optimization approaches,and charging techniques

Introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) or plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in the road transportation can significantly reduce the carbon emission. Hence, the demand of EVs is likely to increase in the near future. Large penetration of EVs will also ultimately result into high loads on the existing power grids. The controlled charging of EVs can have a significant impact on the power grid load, voltage, frequency, and power losses. In this paper, we have provided a comprehensive review of various energy optimization approaches used for EVs charging. Energy optimization approaches used for EVs not only enhance the battery life but also contribute in regulating the voltage and frequency. During EVs charging, various objective functions such as supporting the renewable energy sources, minimization of the peak load, energy cost, and maximization of the aggregator profit have also been studied from optimization perspectives. The controlled and an optimized EVs charging enhances the performance of EVs batteries and conserves the energy in the system by minimizing the load and power losses. The different EVs charging approaches such as centralized and distributed suited for different objective functions have also been studied and compared with respect to various optimization approaches.     

一种计算网络两点间最小路集的方法

基于网络联络矩阵，提出一种计算网络两点间最小路集的方法，并给出严格的证明。该方法把网络的广义联络矩阵划去输入节点对应的列和输出节点对应的行后，将网络分析中路的计算转化为矩阵行列式的运算。适用于任何有向、无向和混合网络。     

钢纤维特性对无配筋UHPC矩形梁抗扭性能的影响

钢纤维能明显提升超高性能混凝土(Ultra-high Performance Concrete, UHPC)的抗拉强度与韧性，对UHPC构件的扭转行为有显著影响。为深入研究钢纤维特性对UHPC矩形梁抗扭性能的影响规律，以钢纤维体积掺量、类型、尺寸以及混杂效应等为变化参数，完成了8根UHPC矩形梁(含1根未掺钢纤维的对比梁)的纯扭试验；获得了各试件的纯扭破坏形态、扭矩-扭率曲线、扭矩-应变曲线、裂缝形态等关键数据。结果表明：对比梁为脆性破坏，纤维增强UHPC梁的破坏则是有征兆的；纤维增强UHPC梁的开裂和极限扭矩均明显大于对比梁，最大提升幅度分别达79%和159%；增加钢纤维体积掺量能提高开裂和极限扭矩，且斜裂缝数量更多、宽度更小；掺端钩纤维试件的抗扭承载能力和延性均优于掺圆直纤维试件；钢纤维长径比越大，试件的裂缝分布越密集，极限扭率越大，延性越好；2根混掺纤维试件的开裂和极限扭矩均大于单掺试件，正混杂效应明显；钢纤维类型和尺寸均会影响试件的裂后承载能力，掺长径比65的圆直钢纤维在开裂后迅速达到极限状态，极限与开裂扭矩之比为1.07～1.18，长径比为100时对应的比值为1.46，而掺端钩纤维则为1.34，介于两者之间。最后，提出了UHPC矩形梁开裂和极限扭矩计算公式；并对30根UHPC矩形梁进行了验证，结果表明计算公式精度良好。     

Electric vehicles’ energy consumption measurement and estimation

Use of electric vehicles (EVs) has been viewed by many as a way to significantly reduce oil dependence, operate vehicles more efficiently, and reduce carbon emissions. Due to the potential benefits of EVs, the federal and local governments have allocated considerable funding and taken a number of legislative and regulatory steps to promote EV deployment and adoption. With this momentum, it is not difficult to see that in the near future EVs could gain a significant market penetration, particularly in densely populated urban areas with systemic air quality problems. We will soon face one of the biggest challenges: how to improve efficiency for EV transportation system? This research takes the first step in tackling this challenge by addressing a fundamental issue, i.e. how to measure and estimate EVs’ energy consumption. In detail, this paper first presents a system which can collect in-use EV data and vehicle driving data. This system then has been installed in an EV conversion vehicle built in this research as a test vehicle. Approximately 5 months of EV data have been collected and these data have been used to analyze both EV performance and driver behaviors. The analysis shows that the EV is more efficient when driving on in-city routes than driving on freeway routes. Further investigation of this particular EV driver’s route choice behavior indicates that the EV user tries to balance the trade-off between travel time and energy consumption. Although more data are needed in order to generalize this finding, this observation could be important and might bring changes to the traffic assignment for future transportation system with a significant share of EVs. Additionally, this research analyzes the relationships among the EV’s power, the vehicle’s velocity, acceleration, and the roadway grade. Based on the analysis results, this paper further proposes an analytical EV power estimation model. The evaluation results using the test vehicle show that the proposed model can successfully estimate EV’s instantaneous power and trip energy consumption. Future research will focus on applying the proposed EV power estimation model to improve EVs’ energy efficiency.     

我国海上油污事件中纯经济损失赔偿的立法现状及未来构想

文中在介绍我国目前在海上油污事故赔偿方面的立法状况的基础上，分析了我国目前立法中存在的问题，进而指出中国未来加入《基金公约》的合理性以及从国际公约中借鉴相关标准制定专门的海上油污单行立法的必要性．     

CA6127URE31纯电动客车总体设计

简要介绍CA6127URE31纯电动客车的整车技术参数、纯电动系统的技术方案、内饰技术方案以及整车动力电池组布置技术方案。