面向驾驶模拟器的高等级公路三维视景建模与实现

随着汽车驾驶模拟器在道路交通仿真中的广泛应用,驾驶员对视景的逼真度也相应地提出了较高的要求。视景仿真系统作为模拟器的一个子系统,其逼真度和实时的动态显示是影响道路交通仿真的关键因素。文中介绍了高等级公路三维视景的建模过程、实现方法,以及地形的简化技术。设计成果表明,这种方法对于利用驾驶模拟器进行道路交通仿真等方面的研究是可行的。     

Within day rescheduling microsimulation combined with macrosimulated traffic

The concept of rescheduling is essential to activity-based modeling in order to calculate effects of both unexpected incidents and adaptation of individuals to traffic demand management measures. When collaboration between individuals is involved or timetable based public transportation modes are chosen, rescheduling becomes complex. This paper describes a new framework to investigate algorithms for rescheduling at a large scale. The framework allows to explicitly model the information flow between traffic information services and travelers. It combines macroscopic traffic assignment with microscopic simulation of agents adapting their schedules. Perception filtering is introduced to allow for traveler specific interpretation of perceived macroscopic data and for information going unnoticed; perception filters feed person specific short term predictions about the environment required for schedule adaptation. Individuals are assumed to maximize schedule utility. Initial agendas are created by the FEATHERS activity-based schedule generator for mutually independent individuals using an undisturbed loaded transportation network. The new framework allows both actor behavior and external phenomena to influence the transportation network state; individuals interpret the state changes via perception filtering and start adapting their schedules, again affecting the network via updated traffic demand. The first rescheduling mechanism that has been investigated uses marginal utility that monotonically decreases with activity duration and a monotonically converging relaxation algorithm to efficiently determine the new activity timing. The current framework implementation is aimed to support re-timing, re-location and activity re-sequencing; re-routing at the level of the individual however, requires microscopic travel simulation.     

(Unintended) Transport impacts of an energy-environment policy: The case of CNG conversion of vehicles in Dhaka

Motor vehicles are one of the major sources of air pollution in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The government took various policies to convert the petroleum vehicles on road to run on compressed natural gas (CNG), which allows both air quality improvements and energy security benefits. One of the market friendly policies to encourage the fuel switch was to increase the price differential between CNG and petrol and diesel. This has allowed a wide-scale adoption of CNG as the fuel of choice. However, several years into the policy, there is now a widespread belief among the policymakers that the CNG conversion may have increased car ownership and car travel due to their lower running costs, resulting in more congestion and a reversal of the strategy is on the cards. It is therefore important to test the hypothesis whether CNG conversion had genuinely increased car ownership and car travel in Dhaka city. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey and an econometric intervention analysis to understand the impact of CNG conversion on car ownership and car travel in Dhaka. Attention is also given to disentangle the self-selection and price-induced travel effects of CNG conversion. Results show that ownership did not increase, but travel of on-road vehicles increased due to the CNG policy. However, additional congestion costs are still around one half of the health benefits brought about by the policy.     

Privacy protection method for fine-grained urban traffic modeling using mobile sensors

With the ubiquitous nature of mobile sensing technologies, privacy issues are becoming increasingly important, and need to be carefully addressed. Data needs for transportation modeling and privacy protection should be deliberately balanced for different applications. This paper focuses on developing privacy mechanisms that would simultaneously satisfy privacy protection and data needs for fine-grained urban traffic modeling applications using mobile sensors. To accomplish this, a virtual trip lines (VTLs) zone-based system and related filtering approaches are developed. Traffic-knowledge-based adversary models are proposed and tested to evaluate the effectiveness of such a privacy protection system by making privacy attacks. The results show that in addition to ensuring an acceptable level of privacy, the released datasets from the privacy-enhancing system can also be applied to urban traffic modeling with satisfactory results. Albeit application-specific, such a “Privacy-by-Design” approach would hopefully shed some light on other transportation applications using mobile sensors.     

装载机连杆机构优化设计

结合传统设计方法和现代优化方法有效地解决了原设计中装载机不能满足平移性和自动放平性的问题;在用作图法确定铰接点大致位置的基础上,建立了连杆机构参数化模型,并对模型进行了优化研究。结果表明:新机构能满足平移性和自动放平性要求。该方法对类似的机构优化问题有一定的参考价值。     

武汉天兴洲公铁两用长江大桥主塔墩混凝土冬季施工保温材料的应用

采取有效的温控措施,在保证塔柱混凝土质量的前提下加快施工进度,是斜拉桥主塔冬季施工的关键。以武汉天兴洲大桥主塔中塔柱施工为例,介绍主要的温控措施、冬季施工保温材料的应用效果及工期效应。     

南京长江第三大桥钢塔制造精度管理

南京长江第三大桥索塔为人字曲线形钢塔，高215m。钢塔制造中进行了严格的精度管理，获得了较高的制造和安装精度。简要介绍该桥钢塔制造的精度管理方法与技术。     

基于浑沌神经网络的动态交通量预测方法研究

介绍了目前国内外道路交通量预测的方法、特点及实际的预测效果.由于城市道路交通的复杂性,使得一些现有交通量预测方法的预测精度不高.针对这些问题,应用混沌神经网络,建立了城市道路交叉口出口交通量的浑沌神经网络预测模型,并与传统的BP神经网络预测结果对比,表明此模型具有较好的预测效果.     

绥芬河斜拉桥塔梁同步施工控制技术的研究

塔梁同步施工技术不拘泥过去先主塔后主梁的施工方法,采用塔梁同时施工,在多座斜拉桥中得到了验证。该文以绥芬河斜拉桥为例,对采用同步施工技术桥梁的成桥线形内力合理性以及经济效益合理性进行了分析;指出在斜拉索张拉过程中,由于主塔尚未完全施工完毕,塔根处的压应力储备较少,为确保施工过程中主塔的安全,在施工控制时必须对主塔两侧的斜拉索索力引起格外注意,保证主塔两侧索力基本一致。     

粉煤灰加筋土挡墙工作机理的离心模型试验研究

将能够完全满足模型相似律的离心模型试验方法应用于粉煤灰加筋挡墙研究中。试验基于整体刚性面层加筋土挡墙结构研究了粉煤灰加筋土挡墙的工作机理、筋材中的应变分布、粉煤灰加筋挡墙的变形。结果表明,加筋土挡墙所发生的侧向位移量远小于素土无加筋挡墙的位移量,且加筋层竖向间距越小,加筋层越密,相对侧向位移量越小,加筋效果越明显;因粉煤灰填筑密度较轻,加筋后的挡墙所发生的相对侧向位移量较小,说明加筋效果明显。