电能管理在北京地铁中的应用

论述降低轨道交通的运行能耗、减少用电总量是降低运营成本的一个有效途径。介绍拥有中国第一条地铁线路的北京地铁在电能管理方面的发展历程,分析各阶段电能管理方法的特点,重点阐述为完成电能管理工作北京地铁公司所做的尝试;为适应轨道交通专业化管理、网络化运行,探讨电能管理应采取的方法和措施。     

铁路隧道定额工区长度和通风管线路工程量计算规则探讨

为统一定额中隧长、换算隧长、全隧长等概念应用,2017年版《铁路隧道工程预算定额》引入工区长度的概念,但在不同的施工组织条件下,其理解的差异会导致定额套用的偏差。采用最大独头距离法、换算隧长法、定积分理论法等不同计算方法对长隧短打隧道工区长度计算原理进行分析,探讨工区长度和通风及管线路工程量计算规则在应用中存在的问题,提出简捷实用的计算方法和原则,论证隧道通过段工区长度应按双倍计算的理论依据,并提出通风及管线路工程量计算的"据实配置,合理分摊"原则及针对施工组织的具体分析计算方法。     

山区铁路复杂钢桁梁悬索桥概算编制探讨简

在西部山区峡谷地段修建铁路钢桁梁悬索桥,其结构形式和施工工艺复杂,编制概算没有针对性的铁路工程定额可采用。此文结合某山区铁路工程,以Lx项目JSJ钢桁梁悬索桥为例,根据设计方案和具体工程内容及铁路工程定额,参考《城市轨道交通工程概算定额》和《公路工程预算定额》,就如何编制钢桁梁悬索桥工程概算进行探讨,并就根据补充的材料和定额以及可依据的相关工程定额．编制钢桁梁悬索桥工程概算的方法进行论述,为工程的顺利开展提供技术支持。     

俄罗斯高速公路工程造价体系分析

目前中国和俄罗斯在建筑领域正深化合作,为了使中国企业更好地进入俄罗斯公路建筑市场,结合首次承建的高速公路项目(俄罗斯M-12莫~喀高速公路V标)造价管理经验,对俄罗斯高速公路工程造价体系进行了分析。首先介绍了俄罗斯国家预算定额体系、定额的分类以及工程造价的编制方法:基准指数法和资源法,以及两种方法的优缺点;其次,分析了俄罗斯高速公路工程造价各项费用的构成、取费的标准和依据以及高速公路工程造价的审批程序,并以M-12莫~喀高速公路V标的预算构成文件为例对造价体系的构成做出说明;最后,分析了俄罗斯高速公路预算编制审核过程中的潜在风险及建议;这可为中国建筑施工企业开拓俄罗斯高速公路建设市场提供相关工程造价管理方面的参考和技术支持。     

地铁工程建设限额设计

结合深圳地铁5号线工程建设,阐述限额设计在工程设计阶段有效控制投资的必要性。根据地铁工程建设投资的构成及4部分费用所占比重,论述设计阶段开展限额设计要掌握的要点和可采取的手段及措施。在地铁5号线工程限额设计中,采取优化车站规模、选择最优施工方法等6项措施,减少投资1.2149亿元,达到限额设计的目的。     

私人小汽车拥有权管制政策效应分析

随着中国城镇化和机动化进程加速,已有多个城市实施了私人小汽车拥有权管制政策。为了给政策完善提供有价值的参考,有必要对该政策产生的宏、微观效应进行分析和评估。以上海市为例,基于公共管制理论,综合运用多种经济计量方法,从宏观层面测算额度管制对私人小汽车增长的限制效果,发现政策成熟期之后私人小汽车年增幅约减少26%~35%。同时,由年度数据分析拍卖市场中额度投放量、竞拍人数和年平均中标价的外部影响因素和内部关联机制。进一步,从微观层面验证月度数据对应的拍卖市场关键变量之间的互动关系,并强调宏微观结论的相互应验和一致性。     

非线性主成分改进算法的公路施工定额影响因素分析

通过分析公路施工定额现场测定原始数据的差异性及引起差异性的各种影响因素,基于改进的非线性主成分算法,对各影响因素进行分析.在辅助软件SPSS的支持下,结合实例,得出影响施工定额测定因素的归类解释,可为实际定额测定过程中某道工序的测定规程及主要影响因素提供参考.     

水运工程施工单位企业定额发展现状及分析

针对企业定额在国内水运工程施工单位企业管理中使用率低、准确率低、编制水平低的问题,进行企业定额发展状况研究,并与国外先进施工企业发展理念进行比较,分析制约企业定额发展的主要因素,提出成立预算管理部门、数据收集注重时效性、实行数据库动态管理等发展企业定额的措施,为充分发挥企业定额的重要作用提供理论依据。     

Adapting to Catch Shares: Perspectives of West Coast Groundfish Trawl Participants

Abstract

Catch share programs are used in fisheries management to meet goals such as species recovery, overcapacity reduction, and economic efficiency. Anticipated impacts include fleet consolidation, infrastructure reduction, and social disruption within communities. The Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Social Study (PCGFSS) aims to understand social changes related to the recently implemented West Coast Groundfish Trawl Catch Share Program. In this article, we use a subset of PCGFSS data to explore the ways remaining fishery participants have thus far adapted to catch shares. While some vessels have left the fishery, we found that many participants are adapting to this catch shares program despite challenges. Quota leasing strategies, fishery diversification, gear innovation, and community quota funds are some of the tools participants are using to continue operating under the catch shares program. These early challenges and adaptations to the catch share program are worthy of continued tracking, as researchers, managers, and fishing communities, would benefit by considering first-hand perspectives of the on-the-ground realities of harvesting groundfish in the rationalized fishery.     

Implementation Challenges for Quota Set-Asides: Policy Analysis to Inform Fisheries Management Decision-Making

Abstract

The implementation of catch share programs can have socio-economic and ecological benefits, yet may also change the distribution of those benefits within a fishery or across communities. Quota set-asides can mitigate the impacts of these changes. During the implementation of the West Coast groundfish trawl catch share program, 10% of the quota was set aside to be used toward five goals in the Adaptive Management Program (AMP). This quota was to serve as an insurance policy during the substantial changes that were expected to occur under the new management regime. However, this program has not yet been fully developed, in part due to delayed decision-making and the controversial nature of allocating quota. Here, we examine and score six policy options for the AMP against four criteria: effectiveness, flexibility, political viability, and implementability. While each of the options has strengths and weaknesses, those that ranked highly include allocating quota pounds (QP) via the status quo and via auction. Our results highlight the drawbacks of delaying contentious decisions, where uncertainty for participants can constrain operational decisions and subsequent economic gains. We demonstrate the utility of this decision-making framework for evaluating tradeoffs between alternatives, especially for a program with multiple, competing objectives.