大风天气下大型船舶撤离洋山港外航道可行性的探讨

根据洋山港自然、地理条件，运用目前在航道论证方面已经比较成熟的船舶操纵模拟器，有针对性地对大风天气下大型船舶撤离洋山港外航道疏浚段的可行性进行研究；根据所选5250TEU和8000TEU大型集装箱船舶的模拟船型撤离外航道疏浚段模拟试验的结果并基于航迹带概率分布对试验数据充分和系统分析的基础上，提出了大型船舶安全撤离外航道疏浚段的可行性，为洋山港大型集装箱船舶在大风天气下安全撤离外航道疏浚段提供比较科学的参考依据。     

热带雨林高速公路总体设计理念探讨

思茅至小勐养高速公路是昆曼国际陆路大通道的重要组成部分,沿线具有得天独厚的旅游资源,自然景观、人文景观和名胜古迹相映生辉,其中近22 km的路段还穿越了国家级自然保护区边缘。为把思小高速公路建设成为一条具交通安全、行车舒适、景观协调、绿色生态、旅游观光、可持续发展等特征为一体的高速公路,在设计过程中树立和落实科学发展观,坚持以人为本,贯彻可持续发展的指导思想的设计理念,大胆地尝试和创新,探索出适合可行的环境保护处治方案与措施。同时为今后热带雨林地区公路建设与环境保护的研究积累了十分宝贵的经验。     

基于雨课堂的“电力电子技术”课程的混合教学模式实践

为"加快教育现代化,办好人民满意的教育",通过对所授课程两届学生的现状分析,提出具体研究和改革内容、目标和拟解决的关键问题。采取雨课堂实施在线教学和传统教学的优势结合的混合式教学模式改革,实现了高效互动的课堂效果。全过程多元化的学习评价体系。丰富和发展了课堂的理论和实践,推动了电力电子技术的课堂变革创新;解决了"三率"问题;有效地提高了教师素养。     

琼州海峡通道宜隧不宜桥

本文从琼州海峡通道建设对我国经济发展的重大作用出发.进而紧密的结合通道工程 的特定工程地质、水文地质、环境条件和桥隧使用功能特征,从现代军事战略高度上,系统地分析了水下隧道在抵御战争和自然灾害破坏等方面,比较桥梁,易于起到全天候的生命线通道作用和不改变现有环境状况,故琼州海峡越海通道工程,采用水下隧道方案确实明显优于桥梁方案.     

长安街西延永定河大桥斜拉索风雨振及减振措施研究

为明确长安街西延永定河大桥斜拉索的风雨振特性,提出有效的减振措施;进行斜拉索风雨振计算分析,并通过风洞试验分析风速和雨强对斜拉索风雨振的影响;研究不同阻尼比和斜拉索表面缠绕双螺旋线的减振效果。结果表明:该桥大部分斜拉索在不采取减振措施的情况下有发生风雨振的可能;斜拉索风雨振的振幅随着风速的增大先增大后减小,随着雨强的增大逐渐减小;增大阻尼比能有效减小斜拉索风雨振的振幅。建议该桥斜拉索安装阻尼器时,阻尼比不小于0.9%;当螺旋线的直径为1.2mm时,单根螺旋线的间距取6倍的斜拉索直径;当单根螺旋线的间距为12倍的斜拉索直径时,螺旋线的直径取2.0mm。     

Association of reduced visibility with crash outcomes

Most of the information necessary for driving a vehicle is regarded as visual information. In spite of its importance, visibility conditions at the time of a crash are often not documented at a high level of detail. Past studies have not examined the quantified values of visibility and its association with crashes. The current study merged data collected from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) with 2010–2012 Florida crash data. From the thousands of logged weather events compiled by the NOAA, the researchers isolated periods of normal visibility and comparable periods of reduced visibility in a matched-pairs study. The NOAA data provided real visibility score based on the spatiotemporal data of the crashes. Additionally, the crash data, obtained from Roadway Information Database (RID), contains several geometric and traffic variables that allow for effects of factors and visibility. The study aims to associate crash occurrence under different levels of visibility with factors included in the crash database by developing ordinal logistic regression. The intent is to observe how different visibility conditions contribute to a crash occurrence. The findings indicate that the likelihood of a crash increase during periods of low visibility, despite the tendency for less traffic and for lower speeds to prevail during these times. The findings of this study will add valuable knowledge to the realm of the impact of visibility in the way of using and designing appropriate countermeasures.     

利用传真地面天气图计算海面风

推导出传真地面天气图上地转风与梯度风的近似计算公式，根据公式制作了地转风与梯度风查算图，并求算了30个站点的海面理论风速值。与实测风速比较，得到了海面摩擦系数和地转风近似法与梯度风近似法计算海面风速的适用条件。     

H－120型防火防爆气动移门的设计及其在海洋平台上的应用

按照船级社近海工程入级规范要求,海洋作业平台危险区域处的封闭机械处所通常需要满足气密、海洋石油工业防火等级、防爆、风雨密、隔音等要求,甚至供作业人员进出的门也要满足此要求。目前,按照国内船舶标准制作的门,尚无法满足上述规范要求。该文根据“挪威NORSOK标准”和“DNV近海工程入级规范”,对H-120型防火防爆气动移门的设计进行研究,并结合实际项目给出了其在海洋平台危险区域机械处所的应用设想与具体方法,为国内同类产品生产厂家提供思路,从而更好地适应海洋工程的发展趋势。     

潮湿山区路面凝冰机理及路面抗滑性研究综述

论述了潮湿山区路面凝冰机理、凝冰的物理特性,以及凝冰路面抗滑性能的研究意义,介绍了国内研究概况,提出并初步探讨了关于路面凝冰机理和凝冰路面方面应进行研究的重点内容和相关的试验方法.综合国内外研究现状可知,关于路面凝冰机理和凝冰路面性能的研究需要更深入更具体,其研究内容应着重考虑研究路面凝冰形成机理、路面凝冰物理特性,以及凝冰路面抗滑性能.     

A study of the influence of severe environmental conditions on common traffic congestion features

On the basis of real traffic and environmental data measured on German freeways, we studied common features of traffic congestion under the influence of severe weather conditions. We have found that traffic features [J] and [S] defining traffic phases “wide moving jam” (J) and “synchronized flow” (S) in Kerner's three‐phase theory are indeed common spatiotemporal traffic features. The quantitative parameters for both traffic phases [S] and [J] were investigated in a comparison of “ideal” weather conditions (good visibility and no precipitation) and severe weather situations (icy road, wind, precipitation, etc.). We showed spatiotemporal congested patterns in several space–time diagrams based on the Automatic Tracking of Moving Jams/Forecasting of Traffic Objects (ASDA/FOTO) model reconstruction for roadside detectors. A statistical study of traffic phase [J] parameters was presented, showing the average values and standard deviation of the quantities. Similarities and differences were analyzed, and some consequences for vehicular applications were discussed to cope with severe weather conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.