沿海远距离施工实时水位控制测量方法

针对沿海远距离施工实时水位难以精确测量的问题,结合连云港港30万吨级航道二期工程航道疏浚施工项目,对施工实时水位观测原理、施工船舶吃水动态变化等进行研究,提出一种基于星站差分技术的沿海远距离施工实时水位控制测量方法,并验证了该方法的可靠性.该方法满足现行爯水运工程测量规范爲和施工水位精度要求,且适用于全球任意海域,在沿海远距离施工实时水位控制测量方面具有推广价值.     

轨道交通车辆基地预留上盖物业开发条件技术研究

车辆基地上盖物业开发受诸多因素影响难以与车辆基地同步建设,研究预留上盖开发条件具有重要意义。统计分析国内车辆基地上盖物业开发的发展趋势,在此基础上,对预留上盖开发条件进行分析研究。结果表明:国内车辆基地上盖物业开发的主要模式为预留上盖物业开发条件;车辆基地盖板结构的耐久性设计使用年限应采用100年,结构安全等级采用一级,抗震设防类不低于盖上建筑;上盖开发规模增加有利于摊销盖板成本,应优先考虑高层上盖开发方案;采用大空间结构体系、新增竖向构件、开发区域预留洞口、层间隔震等技术措施可预留上盖物业开发的空间可调性;车辆基地建设阶段应完成临时屋面、结构连接条件和施工条件等上盖物业实施条件预留。     

Influential factors in port infrastructure tariff formulation,implementation and revision

The process of formulation, revision and approval of port infrastructure tariffs is complex and involves different stakeholders. The extant literature focuses more on port pricing research but pays less attention to the practice of port infrastructure tariff setting. This paper aims to identify and analyses the influential factors in the port infrastructure tariff formulation process using survey data collected from 67 port authorities. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is first conducted before confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is applied to analyse the latent factors underlying port infrastructure tariff setting. The analysis results suggested the four factors influential to infrastructure tariff practice, namely tariff policies, transparency, tariff regulation and stakeholder participation. The paper also presents the implications for port authorities, management and stakeholders.     

Real-time optimization of ship energy efficiency based on the prediction technology of working condition

Ship energy efficiency management and control is an effective strategy to improve the marine economy and reduce CO₂ emission. The determination of the best navigation speed under different working conditions is the basis and premise for real-time improvement of ship energy efficiency. In this paper, the working condition in short distance ahead of the ship related to navigation environment factors was predicted by the method of wavelet neural network, and then the best engine speed for the optimal energy efficiency under different working conditions could be determined through the established ship energy efficiency real-time optimization model. Further, by presetting the ship engine at this optimal speed, the ship energy efficiency could be guaranteed at the optimal state when the ship arrived at the navigation environment ahead of the ship, thus achieving real-time optimization of ship energy efficiency under different navigation environment factors. Experimental studies showed that the proposed optimization model was effective in energy saving and emission reduction, which could provide theoretical guidance for optimal sailing of the ship in service. Compared to traditional setting speed navigation methods, our proposed method has more practical significance to the improvement of ship energy efficiency.     

Variations in household transport expenditure within major Australian cities

A comparative analysis of intra‐urban variations in household transport expenditure in 1966–68 is undertaken for the two largest Australian cities, Sydney and Melbourne, and one of the smaller State capitals, Adelaide. Regional variations in transport expenditure are found to be greater the larger the city; however residents of small cities are more dependent upon the car for their motorised travel. In the larger cities car dependence is most evident among low‐to‐middle income groups at a relatively early stage in the life cycle, located in outer suburban areas. Consequently high levels of expenditure on transport typically coincide with relatively high levels of financial commitments to home purchase and/or operation. This has significant ramifications for the household budget, the most notable being deficit‐funding, and reduced outlays on other expenditure items such as recreation and education. The distribution of company vehicles and allowances is shown to be of relatively greater benefit to higher income groups, although is not confined to them. Although somewhat dated, the findings suggest that the social impacts of rising prices for energy will almost certainly be regressive.

Note: This paper was presented to the 7th PTRC Summer Annual Meeting held at the University of Warwick in July 1979. The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of the Australian Road Research Board in the preparation of the paper. Particular appreciation is expressed to Dr. M. R. Wigan, Mr. K. Sharp and Dr. M. G. Lay for their helpful comments.     

Application of A* algorithm for real-time path re-planning of an unmanned surface vehicle avoiding underwater obstacles

This paper describes path re-planning techniques andunderwater obstacle avoidance for unmanned surface vehicle （USV）based on multi-beam forward looking sonar （FLS）. Near-optimalpaths in static and dynamic environments with underwaterobstacles are computed using a numerical solution procedure basedon an A algorithm. The USV is modeled with a circular shape in 2degrees of freedom （surge and yaw）. In this paper, two-dimensional（2-D） underwater obstacle avoidance and the robust real-time pathre-planning technique for actual USV using multi-beam FLS aredeveloped. Our real-time path re-planning algorithm has beentested to regenerate the optimal path for several updated frames inthe field of view of the sonar with a proper update frequency of theFLS. The performance of the proposed method was verifiedthrough simulations, and sea experiments. For simulations, theUSV model can avoid both a single stationary obstacle, multiplestationary obstacles and moving obstacles with the near-optimaltrajectory that are performed both in the vehicle and the worldreference frame. For sea experiments, the proposed method for anunderwater obstacle avoidance system is implemented with a USVtest platform. The actual USV is automatically controlled andsucceeded in its real-time avoidance against the stationary underseaobstacle in the field of view of the FLS together with the GlobalPositioning System （GPS） of the USV.     

软土地基沉降的动态实时预测研究

软土地基沉降是受多因素影响的多维非线性系统,各因素的多样性、复杂性和不确定性对系统的影响表现为地基的沉降变形.本研究以灰色模型和BAYES动态模型为基础,建立预测地基土实时变形的动态模型,分别对趋势项和动态项进行预测.以该模型预测某软土地基工程的地基沉降变形,并与实际监测的沉降变形数据进行对比分析,证明该模型对地基工程...     

一种雷达电子战模拟系统实时仿真与控制技术

讨论了一种雷达电子战模拟系统的工作原理,并对仿真运行中装备工作模式实时控制、宴时战情处理、实时信息处理流程、自定义LVDS总线等关键技术进行了重点阐述,实现了相参多目标仿真及干扰信号的实时生成与控制。     

ARM11嵌入式系统实时网络通信和 PWM 波输出控制的实现

通过对ARM11嵌入式系统Linux下的实时网络通信和PWM波输出控制进行研究,分析了网络通信协议和PWM波的驱动方式。在ARM11嵌入式系统下设计了PWM波控制程序,并实现网络终端服务器和客户端双进程的工作模式,解决了网络通信实时性和可靠性的问题,以及双线程工作模式数据交互冲突的问题。实际应用表明：该方式网络通信实时性强可靠性好,ARM11和计算机的资源利用率高,可远程灵活控制PWM波的输出。     

船舶轮机模拟器技术发展研究

  目的  为改善传统船舶机舱仿真交互系统仿真形式单一、沉浸感和真实感较差的问题,设计并实现一种分为半实物（HIL）仿真和三维虚拟现实（VR）系统两个部分的新型沉浸式船舶机舱仿真交互系统。  方法  采用实时仿真技术,VR系统与HIL仿真系统基于5G网络融合,同时对沉浸式立体投影系统和多站位VR系统进行集成与数据整合。  结果  实现了整个系统的实时交互与协同操作和HIL与VR系统的系统状态实时同步;给出了VR系统内部的同步特性,实现了三维图像的实时同步,同时增加了多站位VR系统协同交互操作的功能。  结论  设计的新型沉浸式船舶机舱仿真交互系统在船舶智能运维管理和人员操作培训等方面具有指导意义。