Rear‐end crash potential estimation in the work zone merging areas

This paper proposed a methodology to estimate rear‐end crash potential of the merging vehicles traveling in the merge lane, on the basis of the traffic data extracting from the available videotapes. First, we developed a binary logit model to identify drivers' merging behavior in the work zone merging area. Subsequently, the occurrence potential of rear‐end crash based on time‐to‐collision was computed between the merging vehicle and its neighboring vehicles. The overall crash potential of the merging vehicle was finally determined. It was found that the crash potential decreases with the remaining distance to work zone. Moreover, there will be a rear‐end crash potential of 4.0% if the merging vehicle fails to complete merging at the end of work zone merging area. If the merging vehicle takes an early merge, there will be a lower rear‐end crash potential (1.2%). These findings suggest that we should encourage merging vehicles to take early merges for improving the traffic safety in the work zone merging areas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modelling heavy vehicle car‐following behaviour in congested traffic conditions

This study develops a car‐following model in which heavy vehicle behaviour is predicted separately from passenger car. Heavy vehicles have different characteristics and manoeuvrability compared with passenger cars. These differences could create problems in freeway operations and safety under congested traffic conditions (level of service E and F) particularly when there is high proportion of heavy vehicles. With increasing numbers of heavy vehicles in the traffic stream, model estimates of the traffic flow could be degrades because existing car‐following models do not differentiate between these vehicles and passenger cars. This study highlighted some of the differences in car‐following behaviour of heavy vehicle and passenger drivers and developed a model considering heavy vehicles. In this model, the local linear model tree approach was used to incorporate human perceptual imperfections into a car‐following model. Three different real world data sets from a stretch of freeway in USA were used in this study. Two of them were used for the training and testing of the model, and one of them was used for evaluation purpose. The performance of the model was compared with a number of existing car‐following models. The results showed that the model, which considers the heavy vehicle type, could predict car‐following behaviour of drivers better than the existing models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

前板桩高桩码头结构形式的应用

提出一种适用于陆域狭窄、码头悬臂段大、地震液化条件下的前板桩高桩结构形式,主要结构特征为:前板桩选用钢管型组合钢板桩,其后结合PHC叉桩锚碇设高桩梁板结构,高桩结构后方设挡土板和减压棱体,钢板桩在极端低水位处设泄水孔;可液化的粉砂层地基土进行水下振冲密实处理。     

重型车辆多轴转向系统设计综述

综述了重型汽车多轴转向系统设计的现状、主要内容及方法,分析了目前我国存该领域研究所存在的主要问题,提出了基于整车底盘系统集成优化匹配平台的转向系统设计方法.以某8×4载货汽车双前桥转向系统为例,阐述了基于该方法的横拉杆设汁过程.结果表明,该设计方法能够充分发挥所集成的各优化分析软件的优势,实现各车型设计的高效率与自动化.     

基于整车动力学仿真的后桥壳疲劳寿命分析与改进

针对某越野车在改型过程中后桥壳在台架疲劳试验时出现局部开裂的情况,应用ADAMS/Car建立了整车动力学模型,进行动力学仿真,得出危险工况冲击载荷下桥壳的受力情况.采用ANSYS Workbench对桥壳进行了疲劳寿命计算,结果与试验吻合.分析其存在的不足,并提出了改进方案.对改进后的桥壳再次进行疲劳计算,满足设计要求,试制后进行台架试验,寿命达到国家标准要求.     

载货汽车运行燃料消耗量计算方法研究

在分析计算汽车运行燃料消耗主要影响因素的基础上,建立了通用的载货汽车运行燃料消耗量计算方法,将实际测试的空载(整备质量)和满载(最大总质量)等速燃料消耗量确定为计算汽车在运行时燃料消耗量的基本数值.在该计算方法中引入运行模式和车速加权系数,以综合反映运行条件的变化对汽车燃料消耗量的影响,并采用发动机台架试验模拟汽车的道路行驶状况,对不同的汽车总质量和车速下运行燃料消耗量的变化规律进行验证.通过该方法可以计算各种型号的载货汽车在不同整备质量、载质量和行驶速度等运行条件下的燃料消耗量.     

基于拓扑优化和灵敏度分析的车架轻量化改进

对某货车车架进行有限元分析,通过有限元法和试验验证该车架存在局部应力过大的问题,但是整体可进行轻量化改进,利用拓扑优化理论进行优化分析,根据优化结果和生产实际,给车架增加一根横梁以消除其应力集中现象;根据静态灵敏度分析确定弯曲应力和体积对厚度的灵敏度,并找出敏感部位,通过优化计算提出轻量化修改方案。     

某车型整车姿态分析

整车姿态是轿车的重要参数,它是造型设计必不可少的输入条件,同时也反映了车辆的通过性能。结合某车型,首先理论分析影响整车姿态的相关因素,并进行悬架实际揉度的计算,最后通过实车测量验证该理论分析的正确性。     

高速公路货车交通事故分析

根据国内某典型重载高速公路近几年交通事故的统计,分析大货车与高速公路交通事故之间的统计关系,并就载重货车交通对高速公路运营安全性的影响进行了研究。结果表明,事故的发生与车辆的实际操纵性能有关,超载、不同车型之间运行车速的显著差异、行车注意力不集中和疲劳驾驶等是造成货车交通事故的主要原因。从工程、交通管理等角度对提高高速公路运营安全水平提出了相应的改进措施。     

Java虚拟机的垃圾收集

阐明了Java虚拟机垃圾收集的定义,讨论各种Java虚拟机垃圾收集算法,以及垃圾收集如何在JaVa虚拟机中的工作,分析了各种Java虚拟机垃圾收集算法的特点和在实际应用中应注意的事项.