城市快速路建设形式研究——以成都市武侯大道（二环路—绕城高速）快速化改造为例

以成都市武侯大道(二环路—绕城高速)快速化改造为工程案例,探讨了城市快速路总体设计方法.从建设规模论证和建设形式选择两个方面研究了武侯大道(二环路-绕城高速)快速路设计.采用经典的"四阶段"预测模型对道路流量进行预测,通过路段通行能力计算得到现状道路条件下未来年高峰期道路服务水平,并对预测结果进行分析.在建设形式的选择中,对道路沿线交通条件进行了分析,详细介绍了地面快速路和连续高架快速路两个建设形式方案,从现有建设条件、路网规划、用地规划、交通功能、城市形态影响和总投资等多方面综合分析比较后,确定了总体建设方案.     

Optimal selection of suspension parameters in large scale vehicle models

Optimum values are selected for the suspension damping and stiffness parameters of complex car models, subjected to road excitation, by applying suitable numerical methodologies. These models result from a detailed finite-element discretisation and possess a relatively large number of degrees of freedom. They also involve strongly nonlinear characteristics, due mostly to large rigid body rotation of some of their components and the properties of the connection elements. First, attention is focused on gaining some insight into the dynamics of the mechanical models examined, resulting when the vehicle passes over roads involving typical geometric profiles. Then, the emphasis is shifted to presenting results obtained by applying appropriate optimisation methodologies. For this purpose, three classes of design criteria are first set up, referring to passenger ride comfort, suspension travel and car road holding and yielding the most important suspension stiffness and damping parameters. Originally, the optimisation is performed by forming a composite cost function and employing a single-objective optimisation method. Since the design criteria are conflicting, a multi-objective optimisation methodology is also set up and applied subsequently.     

电磁环境船模预测技术的误差分析研究

基于缩比船模原理,从模型限制误差、方法误差和问题本身的误差等方面分析电磁环境船模预测技术的主要误差源,并在此基础上分别论述上述误差源对电磁环境预测精度产生的影响.可以有针对性地采取相应措施控制误差,以更好地获取逼近于实船的电磁环境分布特性.     

曹妃甸LNG码头建设规模与通航效率的适应性

曹妃甸LNG接收站作为我国北方天然气供应的重要保障主体,冬季高峰期月到港LNG船舶达到8～11艘,按照规划扩建后将成为国内外规模最大的LNG接收站。由于LNG船舶通航的严格监管,到港船舶数量的增加会对航道通航效率造成显著压力,因此需要论证码头建设规模与航道的适应性。在现状定线制通航条件下,基于多智能体仿真建模方法,构建曹妃甸港区LNG船舶进出港全过程仿真模型,定量评估不同LNG码头建设规模对LNG船舶通航效率的影响。结果表明,当LNG泊位数达到4个时,船舶进出港受制约明显,优化航路后能有效提高LNG船舶的通航效率。     

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公路运输效率高低是衡量公路运输发展水平的重要依据.随着可持续发展战略的实施,经济增长方式由粗放型向集约型转变,必然要求公路运输提高生产效率,优化发展模式.本文从投入和产出两个层面建立公路运输效率评价指标体系,基于DEA方法构建了综合评价模型,定量测算公路运输综合效率、技术效率和规模效率,并采用31省份的投入产出截面数据进行实证分析.结果显示：半数省份DEA有效,公路运输综合效率存在较明显的地域差异;2/3的省份达到规模效益递减或不变,增加要素投入对提高综合效率不具积极性;资源投入过度、要素使用效率低下是导致运输效率不高的主要因素.最后针对公路运输发展中存在的主要问题提出相应的发展模式.     

Minimum Efficient Scale (MES) and preferred scale of container terminals

The decision on the scale of a port terminal affects the terminal’s managerial, operational and competitive position in all the phases of its life. It also affects competition structures in the port in which the terminal is operating, and has a potential impact on other terminals. Port authorities and terminal operators need to know the scale of the terminal when engaging in concession agreements. In economic theory the scale of a plant/firm is typically defined in relation to the Minimum Efficient Scale (MES), the long-run output where the internal economies of scale are fully exploited. However, there are a number of theoretical and empirical indications that in ports the scale of a terminal is commonly guided by a combination of the MES and other determining factors. The “preferred” scale is the result of a complex interaction between the MES, the port governance framework and objectives, the market size and structure, technological change and operational considerations, physical and geographical limitations, and the business patterns of shipping lines. This study analyses the factors resulting in a preferred container terminal scale that in most of the times is different from the MES. The analysis of the technical, market-related and governance-related factors is supported by theoretical and empirical insights that illustrate the presence of a range of actual ”preferred” scales of terminal concessions that usually are different, below or above, MES.     

城乡客运一体化公交线路补贴规模测算模型

科学合理的测算城乡公交线路补贴规模是实现城乡客运一体化的前提基础,在分析城乡客运补贴现状差异及存在问题的基础上,提出了建立一体化补贴机制的思路,并构建了基于经营线路的补贴规模测算模型,最后以成都市8路公交线路为例,对补贴规模测算模型进行了实例分析.     

基于目标空间分布特征的无人机航拍车辆实时检测技术研究

针对无人机航拍视角下存在整体图像分辨率高但占比较高的小尺度车辆检测特征点稀少这一问题,从卷积网络检测器针对性优化与基于目标分布特征的航拍图像自适应切分2个角度综合考虑,提出一种基于目标空间分布特征的无人机航拍车辆检测网络DF-Net。以单阶段目标检测框架SSD为基础,引入深度可分离卷积和抗混叠低通滤波器对网络结构进行优化搭建E-SSD,为后续检测网络搭建提供高效检测器;接着基于条件生成对抗CGAN思想构建密度估计网络生成器,从而得到航拍图像中车辆的准确分布特征,生成高质量的车辆密度图;将E-SSD与车辆密度估计网络结合,对车辆密度图进行自适应切分,并将切分后的局部图像与全局图像一同输入E-SSD,最后在决策层融合检测结果,由此实现对航拍视角道路交通场景下车辆目标的精确高效检测。在试验中,一方面将设计的基于目标空间分布特征的无人机航拍车辆检测网络DF-Net与E-SSD进行对比分析,另一方面将DF-Net与航拍目标检测领域表现较为优秀的网络进行比较。研究结果表明：设计的方法对于2个试验在均值平均精度指标上均有提升,与E-SSD网络对比时提升了至少4.4%,与航拍目标检测领域优秀网络比较时也有一定提升,并保持了较好的实时性。     

PARNASSOS与肥大型船的尾部水动力优化

以某肥大型船为研究对象，系列变化其尾部线型，然后利用荷兰MARIN水池开发的粘流计算软件PARNASSOS计算尾部流场，分析粘性阻力和伴流场随线型的变化规律，总结了肥大型船尾部优化时要注意的问题。     

基于网格量化和区间均值的动态目标识别

动态目标识别中，当摄像机和目标之间相对距离变化时，对于同一目标的多尺度序列图像。虽然目标区域图像大小和清晰度不同，但整体结构分布具有相似性和一致性。根据这一特点，提出基于目标区域网格量化的方法。在目标区域上形成采样网格，通过相对量化提取结构特征矩阵。对于同一目标序列图像中的每一个目标区域，其结构特征矩阵基本不变。结构特征矩阵反映象素分布的自相关性质。进一步，对由干扰引起的灰度值结构分布误差，采用网格区间均值的方法加以解决。目标区域网格量化是对相邻采样点的差值进行量化匹配。区间均值是对少数相邻采样点的进一步匹配。实例表明，本文的方法运算速度快、可靠性高，达到了实用目的。