乌鞘岭隧道F7断层带监控量测

乌鞘岭隧道是国内最长的单线铁路隧道,隧道在F7断层带施工过程中,围岩出现多处变形侵限及坍塌事故。为保证隧道的正常施工,掌握围岩动态和支护结构的工作状态,进行了收敛变形、锚杆轴力、初支混凝土应力、初支围岩压力、二衬接触压力、二衬混凝土应力等多项涉及围岩稳定性及支护合理性参数的跟踪量测,利用量测结果指导设计施工及预见事故和险情,保证了隧道顺利贯通。     

公路运输的区域空间尺度分析

公路运输与国民经济的适应性已经成为当今交通发展重要的研究课题，本文通过区域空间经济分析方法以山东省为例对交通运输与区域空间的特性进行分析，探讨区域经济与道路运输的特性．从而为交通运输的适应性分析提供依据。     

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从道路交通分析的角度,对国外道路交通应急区域疏散研究过程中所涉及的区域疏散建模思想、区域疏散交通需求预测方法、区域疏散交通管理与控制策略和已开发的区域疏散规划模型与仿真软件进行系统的综述。进而评述了以往相关研究在区域疏散建模过程中的各种不足,并结合各种区域疏散交通管理与控制措施,提出了构建区域疏散集成交通建模框架的思想,旨在为我国道路交通应急区域疏散交通规划、区域疏散交通预案制定等提供有价值的建议和参考。     

An investigation of tour generation models combining two waves of household travel surveys through pooled models

This paper presents a study that examines two waves of travel survey data through a pooled model structure. The pooled model structure provides a means to take advantage of multiple data sources which will lead to a better estimate and understanding of travel behavior. In particular, it accounts for the difference in data variance and therefore allows for the comparison of the true impacts of the model parameters on travelers’ tour-making behavior. Larger variance is found in the 1998 data than in the 2010 data. Comparison between model parameters reveals significant behavioral changes among several socio-economic and demographic groups. In terms of common variables, the magnitude of the coefficient values has generally decreased, which conforms to the overall decreasing trend in traveling. Overall, the model equality tests indicate that the models developed based on the two data sources do not have equal taste parameters, thus the transferability hypothesis is rejected. The results of this study are expected to have implications for the application of models based on cross-sectional data, especially over long time periods.     

The strategic role of ports in regional development: conceptualising the experience from Australia

Regional ports, as infrastructure in regions, influence transport and regional development policies and planning. The interaction and involvement of regional ports with their stakeholders in the region are pivotal. The conundrum on what constitutes a regional port and thus its region has further complicated this limited researched area. In the extant literature, port and region relationship mainly centres on major metropolitan ports, and pays little heed to regional ports. In this context, this study investigates on how the Australian regional ports can be better involved in regional development. The study adopts a qualitative methodology to explore the Australian regional port stakeholders’ perceptions on port’s role in regional development through 38 semi-structured telephone interviews. Thematic analysis of data assisted by a mixture of NVivo software and manual techniques proposes a conceptual model that may assist policy-making. The key findings suggest that symbiotic growths of ports and concerned regions accelerate regional development. To contribute to regional development, the Australian regional ports can be proactive in building collaboration with regional organisations. The findings have major implications for port managers and port policy-makers for developing a region-oriented long-term port planning and for creating environment for Australian regional ports for regional resource configuration.     

温州市域铁路S1线减振扣件设计及应用

随着城市规模的不断扩大,市域铁路作为带动区域发展的交通模式引起人们的广泛关注。相对于国外成熟的市域铁路技术和减振措施,国内相应研究工作尚属空白。根据温州市域铁路S1线技术要求,借鉴成熟的双层非线性结构,通过关键参数的优化分析,确定扣件刚度参数。现场在线测试结果表明,研制的市域铁路用双层非线性减振扣件安全性能优异,减振效果达到4.9～5.2 dB,可以满足市域线路的技术要求。     

影响民用运力国防动员比例的因素探析

分析了我国民用运力发展状况,探讨了影响民用运力国防动员比例的主要因素:需求预测、运力结构、动员潜力、动员准备、国民经济必保运输及持续动员需求等七个方面.总结提出了运力类型的结构比例和区域运力动员比例的优化方法.对开展民用运力国防动员工作具有积极的指导和借鉴意义.     

北京、上海、杭州机动车对PM2.5的贡献度差异

北京、上海、杭州3个城市的人口规模、城市功能、发展阶段不尽相同,交通结构和交通政策各有差异,但数据反映的交通对PM2.5的贡献度相当,背后原因值得探究。从PM2.5源解析结构和交通自身影响两个环节入手,对其内部机理和原因进行深入分析。就源解析结构而言,三城市在区域输送、本地源排放中的能源结构和产业结构等均有较大差异。就交通自身影响而言,北京、杭州过境道路交通影响较大,而上海的交通污染贡献还包括远洋船舶。因此,三城市机动车对PM2.5的贡献度存在差异,建议北京PM2.5的治理关注区域、燃煤和过境车辆要素,上海关注工业、船舶污染,杭州关注工业、燃煤、扬尘等影响。     

城市群综合交通运输承载力及协调性评价

城市群是区域经济发展的全球化趋势,综合交通系统是其基础条件.在构建综合交通运输系统承载力、协调性的结构模型后,讨论了数据包络分析(DEA)方法建模特点及带非阿基米德无穷小参数DEA模型求解思路.用DEA模型定义了综合交通系统基础设施、经济发展、潜在需求的承载力,以及系统协调效度、发展效度、综合效度.考虑各运输方式投入产出机制的共性与差别,利用DEA方法对输入输出数据去量纲处理的特点,选取了有别于一般的输入输出指标进行评价.以海西城市群为例的评价结果反映出的变化规律与实际情况一致,表明模型构建及指标选取有效.     

交通运输业CO_2排放区域差异及影响因素

交通运输业是CO_2排放的重要来源.根据长江经济带九省二市2005—2014年面板数据,以Theil指数为衡量指标,从人均、单位增加值、单位换算周转量碳排放3个方面测算交通运输业CO_2排放的区域差异;结合扩展的Kaya恒等式,通过LMDI分解分析交通运输业CO_2排放的影响因素.结果表明:长江经济带各省市交通运输业CO_2排放呈现较明显的不均衡分布,人均碳排放、单位换算周转量碳排放差异大于单位增加值碳排放差异;能源结构、单位增加值能耗、单位GDP换算周转量抑制CO_2排放(贡献率分别为1.72%、56.6%、41.68%),单位换算周转量增加值、人均GDP、人口促进CO_2排放(贡献率分别为7.99%、88.99%、3.02%).