国外基于MBSE的列车领域研究现状探析

介绍了基于模型的系统工程的定义和发展历程.分别对庞巴迪和阿尔斯通两家公司在MBSE方面的研究和应用情况进行了分析,具体分析其建模工具和建模实例,还分析了Connecta和Safe4Rail项目的实施过程以及主要的研究内容.分析结果表明,MBSE已经在国外的列车领域经历了学习、探索和应用推广的过程,并在新产品的研发过程中...     

基于设施属性的城市轨道交通融资模式

以项目区分理论为理论基础,从轨道交通的基本属性入手,按照可经营性和可拆分性对轨道交通基本设施进行分类,对不同属性的设施进行组合.按照所有权和经营权是否转移,将各种适用于轨道交通的融资方式进行分类;并将两者进行匹配,提出了符合轨道交通客观发展规律、可供轨道交通建设发展采用的多元化融资模式及其评价方法.     

国外典型大城市轨道交通配线方法和经验

在搜集分析莫斯科、纽约和东京三个国际典型大城市轨道交通配线相关资料的基础上,剖析了三大城市轨道交通线路形态、运营模式、建设时序、配线方法等方面的特点.研究了配线总体方案与运营之间的相互配合关系.通过研究,结合国外经验,得出对配线总体方案的确定有益的几点启示.     

城市轨道交通网络运营组织协调性研究

分析了城市轨道交通由单线管理向网络化运营转变过程中的实际问题,提出了分析网络运营组织协调关系的必要性.从路网运输能力均衡配置角度,阐述了网络运营协调的主旨,对影响运营组织的多个关键要素做定性分析.采用解释结构模型法,根据推移律特性,建立网络运营协调要素的多级递阶结构,对层次划分结果进行要素间的关联性分析.该结构模型可作为协调准则应用于运营组织过程,为网络列车运行计划的制定提供理论依据.     

用桩加固浅基础的力学模型研究

对用桩加固既有铁路桥梁中浅基础常用计算方法进行比较,认为此类结构应考虑承台结构的变形,并提出了合乎实际情况的力学模型。实例计算与比较分析结果表明,由于用桩加固浅基础时其承台结构的特殊性,竖向荷载对桩身弯矩有较大影响。此外,给出了考虑承台变形和竖向荷载的影响时,浅基础用桩加固的力学模型计算公式。     

发动机系统可靠性分析与评估

针对发动机试验昂贵以及试验条件无法真实再现发动机使用环境的情况,提出利用“三包”信息作为评估发动机使用可靠性的数据源。以发动机完整数据服从的NHPP模型为基础,结合“三包”信息普遍存在的删失现象,提出新模型;该模型既适用于完整数据,也适用于删失数据。实例证明,利用该模型计算的参数与实际统计结果的误差小于2%,最后评估得到发动机的可靠性水平。     

钢-混凝土组合梁桥温度场与温度效应研究综述

组合结构桥梁由热工性能差异显著的钢材和混凝土构成,温度效应往往成为控制其设计和应用的关键因素,因此,对其温度场和温度效应进行准确地计算与评估具有重要的科研价值与工程意义。对组合结构桥梁温度场与温度效应开展了综述研究。首先,对各国桥梁规范温度荷载的规定进行归纳对比,讨论不同规范中温度荷载计算方法的特点,总结中国现有规范对全国气候划分的分辨率不足、对日照辐射的考虑不够完善等有待提升之处;其次,对国内外桥梁温度场与温度效应研究的发展与现状进行调研,重点分析中国钢-混凝土组合结构桥梁温度场与温度效应的研究进展,对现有研究的不足进行讨论;再次,提出基于可靠度理论的组合结构桥梁设计温度荷载模型,可使用气象部门统计的温度统计资料,通过MATLAB高效数值模型计算形成组合结构桥梁温度场时程数据,进一步利用极值模型获得桥梁设计的温度荷载代表值,快速、高效地实现对桥梁地理信息、结构参数等因素的考虑;最后,以北京地区典型3跨连续直线组合梁桥为算例,对连续钢-混凝土组合桥梁的温度效应展开研究。提出的基于可靠度理论与MATLAB的钢-混凝土组合结构桥梁设计温度荷载模型,可实现任意地区组合结构桥梁温度场的精确计算并显著提升计算效率。     

Assessment of factors associated with travel time reliability and prediction: an empirical analysis using probabilistic reasoning approach

Significant efforts have been made in modeling a travel time distribution and establishing measures of travel time reliability (TTR). However, the literature on evaluating the factors affecting TTR is not well established. Accordingly, this paper presents an empirical analysis to determine potential factors that are associated with TTR. This study mainly applies the Bayesian Networks model to assess the probabilistic association between road geometry, traffic data, and TTR. The results from this model reveal that land use characteristics, intersection factors, and posted speed limits are directly associated with TTR. Evaluating the strength of the association between TTR and the directly related variables, the log odds ratio analysis indicates that the land use factor has the highest impact (0.83) followed by the intersection factor (0.57). The findings from this study can provide valuable resources to planners and traffic operators in their decision-making to improve TTR with quantitative evidence.     

基于岩体指标和掘进参数的TBM净掘进速率预测模型

净掘进速率是TBM施工速度的主要评价指标,与围岩物理力学性质、TBM掘进参数之间存在一定相关性。文章以兰州水源地建设工程输水隧洞双护盾TBM施工为背景,基于现场实测数据,选择岩石单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度、变形模量、泊松比、岩石耐磨性CAI值等岩体指标,以及刀盘推力和刀盘转速等掘进参数,进行TBM净掘进速率与有关影响参数之间的单因素相关性分析,得到相应拟合公式;基于TBM净掘进速率与岩体指标、掘进参数之间的相关性,利用多元非线性回归方法建立了TBM净掘进速率预测模型。通过将兰州水源地建设工程输水隧洞实测TBM净掘进速率和预测结果进行对比,验证了TBM净掘进速率预测模型的合理性。研究结果表明:(1)在复杂的多种地质条件下,TBM净掘进速率与岩石单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度、变形模量、岩石耐磨性CAI值、刀盘推力以及刀盘转速呈负相关关系,与泊松比呈正相关关系;(2)干湿状态对岩石耐磨性CAI值有一定影响,饱和状态下岩石耐磨性CAI值与TBM净掘进速率之间的相关性更显著;(3)建立的多元非线性回归预测模型,预测精度较高,可为相似地质条件下TBM净掘进速率估算提供参考。     

Benefit of speed reduction for ships in different weather conditions

Currently, the shipping industry is facing a great challenge of reducing emissions. Reducing ship speeds will reduce the emissions in the immediate future with no additional infrastructure. However, a detailed investigation is required to verify the claim that a 10% speed reduction would lead to 19% fuel savings (Faber et al., 2012).This paper investigates fuel savings due to speed reduction using detailed modeling of ship performance. Three container ships, two bulk carriers, and one tanker, representative of the shipping fleet, have been designed. Voyages have been simulated by modeling calm water resistance, wave resistance, propulsion efficiency, and engine limits. Six ships have been simulated in various weather conditions at different speeds. Potential fuel savings have been estimated for a range of speed reductions in realistic weather.It is concluded that the common assumption of cubic speed-power relation can cause a significant error in the estimation of bunker consumption. Simulations in different seasons have revealed that fuel savings due to speed reduction are highly weather dependent. Therefore, a simple way to include the effect of weather in shipping transport models has been proposed.Speed reduction can lead to an increase in the number of ships to fulfill the transport demand. Therefore, the emission reduction potential of speed reduction strategy, after accounting for the additional ships, has been studied. Surprisingly, when the speed is reduced by 30%, fuel savings vary from 2% to 45% depending on ship type, size and weather conditions. Fuel savings further reduce when the auxiliary engines are considered.