粉砂土路堤稳定可靠性分析

根据粉砂土的物理力学性质和路堤边坡破坏模式,以瑞典圆弧法为基础建立了粉砂土路堤稳定可靠性分析的极限状态方程,并介绍了相应的稳定可靠度求解方法.最后对河南濮安高速公路典型路段的稳定可靠性进行了分析,为该高速公路的施工和建设提供了有价值的分析结论.     

水泥混凝土路面结构模糊随机可靠度设计方法研究

我国水泥混凝土路面设计经历了3个发展阶段：经验法、力学一经验法和可靠度设计法。由于荷载、环境作用和结构设计参数的随机性和模糊性，它们都将影响路面结构的可靠度水平。为了更好地发展现有路面设计理论，系统地分析了现有水泥混凝土路面设计规范，对路面结构可靠度进行了定义和讨论。采用模糊随机可靠度理论，对水泥混凝土路面结构可靠度设计方法进行了系统分析，研究提出了路面模糊随机可靠度的设计公式，讨论了各个设计变量的变异性，并结合具体设计提出了详细的步骤和思路。     

基于效率-安全评价的近距离错位交叉口信控优化

在城市中2个近距离错位交叉口之间的交织路段,来自不同方向的车流相互干扰严重,尤其是在交织长度限制下的连续换道操作,对交通效率和安全水平造成不良影响.因此,基于效率-安全综合考虑,研究了一种安全协调信号控制方案.即在上游交叉口的支路处设置右转信号灯,将交织路段内主、次路的车流冲突点进行时间和空间上的分离,并对近距离错位交叉口进行系统的相位和配时优化设计,从而达到降低车辆运行延误、提高行车安全性的目的.以福州市浦上大道-金州南路-金港路交叉口为例,运用Vissim微观仿真软件和SSAM替代安全评价模型,从效率-安全2个方面综合比较安全协调信控方案与信控现状、单点优化方案的优劣.实验结果表明,相对于信控现状,单点优化方案和安全协调信控方案的效率-安全水平分别提升了36.17% 和57.17%,验证了安全协调信控方案的优越性.此外,通过Vissim调整2个交叉口之间的距离,比较安全协调信控方案和单点优化方案相对于信控现状的效率-安全综合优化程度.研究表明,近距离错位交叉口的间距越小,安全协调信控方案的优越性越明显.     

A new methodology for incident detection and characterization on surface streets

In this paper, a new methodology is presented for real-time detection and characterization of incidents on surface streets. The proposed automatic incident detection approach is capable of detecting incidents promptly as well as characterizing incidents in terms of time-varying lane-changing fractions and queue lengths in blocked lanes, lanes blocked due to incidents, and incident duration. The architecture of the proposed incident detection approach consists of three sequential procedures: (1) Symptom Identification for identification of incident symptoms, (2) Signal Processing for real-time prediction of incident-related lane traffic characteristics and (3) Pattern Recognition for incident recognition. Lane traffic counts and occupancy are the only two major types of input data, which can be readily collected from point detectors. The primary techniques utilized in this paper include: (1) a discrete-time, nonlinear, stochastic system with boundary constraints to predict real-time lane-changing fractions and queue lengths and (2) a pattern-recognition-based algorithm employing modified sequential probability ratio tests (MSPRT) to detect incidents. Off-line tests based on simulated as well as video-based real data were conducted to assess the performance of the proposed algorithm. The test results have indicated the feasibility of achieving real-time incident detection using the proposed methodology.     

浅议实践教学管理与改革

分析了我校实践教学管理中存在的问题,提出了深化实践教学管理和改革的具体措施。     

路网车流径路选择随机相关机会规划模型及其混合遗传算法

研究随机环境下车流径路的选择问题,首先给出路网车流径路方案可靠性的定义,并在此基础上建立随机环境下车流径路选择问题的随机相关机会多目标规划模型。模型考虑了车流具有不同权重的情况,目标为极大化车流径路方案的可靠性及极小化期望总费用。用C＋＋语言编写K短路算法,并在Visual Studio 6.0上基于该算法开发了软件,用于计算网络上任意两点之间的K短路。以该软件计算出的K短路作为节点间的可选径路集,提出一种基于随机模拟的混合遗传算法。算例表明,在不同交叉和变异概率的条件下算法均可在给定进化代数内收敛至相同的最优解,有较强的适应性。     

双中间轴变速器风冷却系统的试验分析

介绍了大扭矩变速器加装冷却系统的必要性,阐述了冷却系统的工作原理,并进行了加装与未加装冷却系统的试验对比分析,结果显示加装冷却系统后降温效果明显,提高了变速器使用的可靠性。     

On the fundamental diagram and supply curves for congested urban networks

Macroscopic fundamental diagrams (MFD) of traffic for some networks have been shown to have similar shape to those for single links. They have erroneously been used to help estimate the level of travel in congested networks. We argue that supply curves, which track vehicles in their passage through congested networks, are needed for this purpose, and that they differ from the performance curves generated from MFD. We use a microsimulation model, DRACULA and two networks, one synthesizing the network for Cambridge, England, and one of the city of York, England, to explore the nature of performance curves and supply curves under differing patterns of demand.We show that supply curves differ from performance curves once the onset of congestion is reached, and that the incorrect use of performance curves to estimate demand can thus seriously underestimate traffic levels, the costs of congestion, and the value of congestion relief measures. We also show that network aggregated supply curves are sensitive to the temporal distribution of demand and, potentially, to the spatial distribution of demand. The shape of the supply curve also differs between origin–destination movements within a given network.We argue that supply curves for higher levels of demand cannot be observed in normal traffic conditions, and specify ways in which they can be determined from microsimulation and, potentially, by extrapolating observed data. We discuss the implications of these findings for conventional modelling of network management policies, and for these policies themselves.     

A network option portfolio management framework for adaptive transportation planning

A real option portfolio management framework is proposed to make use of an adaptive network design problem developed using stochastic dynamic programming methodologies. The framework is extended from Smit’s and Trigeorgis’ option portfolio framework to incorporate network synergies. The adaptive planning framework is defined and tested on a case study with time series origin-destination demand data. Historically, OD time series data is costly to obtain, and there has not been much need for it because most transportation models use a single time-invariant estimate based on deterministic forecasting of demand. Despite the high cost and institutional barriers of obtaining abundant OD time series data, we illustrate how having higher fidelity data along with an adaptive planning framework can result in a number of improved management strategies. An insertion heuristic is adopted to run the lower bound adaptive network design problem for a coarse Iran network with 834 nodes, 1121 links, and 10 years of time series data for 71,795 OD pairs.     

汽车驾驶员特征剖析及安全应对策略

人的因素在诱发交通事故的诸因素中占据主导地位,从汽车驾驶员的信息处理和判断操作方面进行剖析,构建驾驶员感知信息、判断以及操作全过程的框架图,并着重进行分析。结合交通运营中驾驶员存在的问题,对驾驶员自身素质及管理提出相应安全应对措施。