石太客运专线列车开行方式改变降低电费方案

根据石太客运专线列车开行方案变化,引起牵引变压器容量需求减小情况,提出几种降低电费的方案,可供相关线路参考借鉴。     

保障公益性运输服务的铁路客票管理策略

普速铁路的客运市场可以分为公益性与盈利性两种，区分这两种服务有利于兼顾公平与盈利目标.本文在转运模型的基础上，提出了分离可调配客票管理策略，即在车票预售期开始分别为公益性与普通运输市场分配一定的席位，在发车前(24 h)可以将未售出的公益性客票调配到盈利性市场销售.该策略考虑公益性运输需求的最低服务水平约束与列车能力约束.解析解显示该策略与公益优先的系统目标激励相容，即企业会自发选择高水平的公益性客票供给.算例结果显示该策略能够同时提高公益性需求服务水平与单位客票收入.     

银西铁路引入银川地区方案研究

银川市辖区总人口增长速度明显低于城市建设用地增长速度,反映出城市对人口聚集力不足,城市对外交通是影响城市发展的主要因素。分析银川地区铁路规划存在的主要问题,抓住银西线引入银川地区为城市发展带来的机遇,在解决铁路自身存在问题的同时,选择对城市发展有利的铁路地区规划方案,使铁路规划与城市发展规划有机结合并协调发展。     

大跨度钢箱叠拱桥在高速铁路中的应用研究

新建哈尔滨-大连高速铁路跨越长春市富民大街设计采用138m钢箱叠拱,为国内首次采用的新型拱桥结构,是目前国际上同类桥梁中的跨度最大、位于严寒地区的桥梁,也是国内第一座应用实体圆钢吊杆铁路桥梁,对该桥应用中的关键技术实体圆钢吊杆的连接及低温疲劳特性、拱脚的合理构造及局部应力、对无砟轨道适应性、车桥耦合动力效应等进行了系统计算分析和试验研究,其研究成果已应用于新开河特大桥中,详细介绍桥式方案及在高速铁路应用中的关键技术研究成果。     

浅析依托工程的科研项目实施与经费管理方式

由于对科研项目实施方式的了解不够深入、重视短期经济利益等原因,部分工程企业,尤其中小型企业围绕工程开展科研项目的意愿比较低.通过简要分析目前依托工程开展科研攻关的主要实施方式,并结合工程案例讨论与分析包括经费筹集、分配、支付与过程管理等在内的经费管理方式,以期提高相关企业参与工程科研攻关的积极性.     

The social context of informal commuting: Slugs, strangers and structuration

Despite considerable interest in the role of social interactions and social context on transportation, there have been very few attempts to explore specific cases of social interaction influencing transportation systems. This paper explores the social practice of slugging, an informal system of carpooling in the Washington, DC area. Slugging emerged in response to the establishment of Virginia’s High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes in the early 1970s, as single drivers picked up riders alongside the road (slugs) in order to meet the requirements for driving in the less congested HOV lanes. Drawing on the work of sociologist Anthony Giddens, as well as the sociological insights of Georg Simmel and Stanley Milgram, we suggest that the practice of slugging highlights the processes of institutionalization and structuration. This paper details how the region’s mass transportation policies and urban culture have combined to result in an institutionalized practice with particular norms and logics of behavior. We conclude that looking at specific cases where social context has affected transportation, like slugging, could provide useful insights on the impact of social context on transportation policies and systems.     

Adhesion estimation at the wheel–rail interface using advanced model-based filtering

The railway industry in the UK is currently expanding the use of condition monitoring of railway vehicles. These systems can be used to improve maintenance procedures or could potentially be used to monitor current vehicle running conditions without the use of cost prohibitive sensors. This paper looks at a novel method for the online detection of areas of low adhesion in the wheel/rail contact that cause significant disruption to the running of a network, particularly in the autumn season. The proposed method uses a Kalman–Bucy filter to estimate the creep forces in the wheel–rail contact area; post-processing is then applied to provide information indicative of the actual adhesion level. The algorithm uses data that, in practice, would be available from a set of modest cost inertial sensors mounted on the vehicle bogie and wheel-sets. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated using simulation data from a nonlinear dynamic model of the vehicle and its track interface.     

大型船可调桨推进装置机动工况分析不容忽视

论述主柴油机螺旋桨(FPP、CPP)推进特性的同时,结合螺旋桨推力系数(KP)、扭矩系数(Km)、随螺旋桨进程比,(λp)的变化情况,指出λp在大于某一定值后,螺旋桨将出现负推力和负转矩,这称为螺旋桨的水涡轮工况。此现象多发生在船舶机动作业的紧急换向工况中,对于CPP船若控制不慎,可能引发主机飞车或使船舶实际换向时间太长,两者都将延误船舶紧急避碰时机。现推荐一种"能耗法"的控制方法,可以有效地缩短船舶紧急换向实际时间,避免海难事故,保障航行安全。     

锚下有效预应力检测取值的试验研究

锚下有效预应力为评价预应力施加是否合格的关键技术指标,但检测方法并不统一,检测的可靠性、准确性尚不明确。通过对工程界常用的拐点法、最小应力跟踪法和夹片位移法进行理论分析和试验分析,夹片位移法最适用于锚下有效预应力的检测,而拐点法检测误差及重复性均不满足需要,最小应力跟踪法应慎重使用,可作为工程界进行锚下有效预应力检测的参考依据。     

轻型悬索桥的调查与分析

轻型悬索桥在我国的河谷山涧地区以及城市人行桥中应用较广泛,但对其结构设计特点尚未有较系统的总结。文中在大量收集国内已建轻型悬索桥资料的基础上,从桥跨、加劲梁以及主索等方面分析总结其设计特点,包括轻型悬索桥的适用跨径、桥跨布置特点,加劲梁的截面形式、高跨比,主索材料、垂跨比和锚固形式等。