Looking Beyond Cargo and Cruise Ships: Promoting Academic Marine Research and Clean Technologies as an Economic Development Strategy for Ports

The Port of Los Angeles (Port) is the largest container port in the Western Hemisphere, and a catalyst for business activity and employment. Historically, the majority of the Port's workforce lived in the communities directly adjacent to the Port. However, in the latter half of the last century, jobs and economic activity began to shift away from the Port, causing public attitudes in the local communities to change. Instead of being viewed as the source of their livelihood, local residents began to view the port as a generator of environmental impacts and industrial blight. Formidable community opposition to Port growth and modernization ensued. Employment within the Port district peaked in the mid 20th century at 100,000. By 2009, the Port had only 12,700 jobs. To re-establish and maintain a long-term positive relationship between the Port and its neighbors, the Port needed to increase the numbers of local residents in the port on a daily basis. The Port looked beyond its traditional role of cargo handling, to leverage creation of new water-dependent job clusters. The strategy incorporates elements of the traditional cluster concept by proposing to co-locate and create synergies between technology developers, university researchers, and marine and maritime industries.     

新型水封爆破除尘技术试验研究

为更快速有效地清除隧道钻爆施工所产生的粉尘，提出“辅助降尘注水孔方案”、“差异水袋布置方案”、“降尘注水孔+差异水袋布置” 3种新的水封爆破除尘技术方案。依托轿顶隧道进行现场试验，得到初始状态下掌子面区域纵、横向特征位置的粉尘质量浓度，CO、CO2、O2、NO2体积分数分布情况，通风条件下纵向特征位置的粉尘质量浓度、CO体积分数随时间的变化规律，3种新型水封爆破方案下掌子面区域纵、横向特征测试位置的粉尘质量浓度、CO体积分数分布规律。经研究得出如下结论： 1）通风10 min内是粉尘质量浓度、CO体积分数下降最快的阶段； 2）新型水封爆破除尘方案的降尘效果明显，3种方案最大降尘比例依次为36.84%、40.85%、65.74%； 3）降尘注水孔对爆破粉尘可起到良好的“封闭”作用； 4）新型水封爆破方案可起到明显降低CO体积分数的作用。     

某汽车漏油问题分析及改善技术研究

汽车油路系统中,油箱是汽油的存储容器,对汽车动力的输出起到了至关重要的作用。油箱主要由油箱壳体、汽油泵、油管等零部件组成,它既是功能件,又是安全件,需要满足国家汽车零部件强制性认证要求。特别是在汽车安全性方面,要求非常严格,不允许有汽油泄露问题发生。中国各大整车厂对汽车油路系统的控制也特别关注,汽车销售市场上很少发生汽油泄露的重大事故,但也会有零星车辆发生漏油问题,导致汽车召回。     

Stakeholder Collaboration and Organizational Innovation in the Planning of the Deschutes Estuary Feasibility Study

Coastal managers have sought to enhance the collaborative inputs of stakeholder groups into management activities. Nonetheless, established organizational approaches have led to primarily consultative forms of engagement and constrained citizen involvement in formative activities. In Olympia, Washington, managers overseeing the Deschutes Estuary Feasibility Study (DEFS) implemented an innovative cooperative research planning initiative that diverged from conventional consultative processes. Stakeholders, rather than government officials, identified the research priorities for the socioeconomic component of this restoration feasibility study. This design method altered the traditional roles and responsibilities of different organizational actors, and the involvement of citizen groups in these formative activities changed the relationship between governmental and nongovernmental actors. Using conceptual frameworks from organizational sociology, this study develops insights into the behavior of the organizations involved with the DEFS cooperative planning effort, demonstrating how engaging stakeholders in formative research planning activities may foster new types of collaboration among coastal management organizations.     

内蒙古自治区沥青路面技术状况评定优化及验证

从路面损坏类型、病害分类判定、技术状况指标计算等方面入手,充分结合内蒙古自治区的气候、环境及路面特点,对内蒙古自治区沥青路面技术状况评定进行优化。结果表明:现行标准未考虑西北高寒地区裂缝的普遍性,建议降低横向裂缝、修补的破损计算权重,以缝宽5 mm作为横向裂缝轻、重的判别;现行标准未考虑内蒙古特殊的拱胀病害,建议在损坏类型中增加拱胀,并按拱胀隆起高度不同分为轻、重2个等级;针对现行标准对PQI进行加权均一化处理的不足,建议针对高速公路、一级公路PQI各指标权重系数采用浮动算法,突出路面破损的影响,避免病害平均化。     

蒸汽阀动态流阻特性研究

某热力系统中蒸汽阀动态流阻特性对其总体性能设计十分关键。由于该蒸汽阀结构特殊、流速高,无法借鉴一般蒸汽阀门的流阻特性,且仿真分析难以获得较准确的数值,需进行试验研究。基于蓄热器放汽过程流量计算原理,建立了蒸汽阀动态流阻特性试验研究的一般原理、试验分析数学模型等试验研究方法,并通过多工况动态试验验证,获得了本蒸汽阀的动态流阻特性,为该热力系统的设计提供了有力支撑。同时该试验研究方法,可推广应用于类似蒸汽调节阀的动态流阻特性研究。     

协调版共同结构规范对港口工况下散货船的影响分析

协调版共同结构规范（CSR-H）对港口工况下船体梁强度和船体构件局部强度的要求与先前的油船共同结构规范（CSR-OT）基本一致,而相比散货船共同结构规范（CSR-BC）有明显变化。通过对比分析CSR-H和CSR-BC对于港口工况具体要求的差异,并结合实船数据分析,阐述基于CSR-H要求的港口工况对散货船结构设计的影响;并探讨针对符合CSR-H的散货船,如何合理选取船体梁许用静水弯矩值和许用静水剪力值。     

自升式平台拖航工况下运动响应预报

拖航工况是自升式平台结构安全评估的重要工况之一,惯性载荷是拖航工况评估中必须考虑的载荷之一,其计算通常依靠假定平台做简谐运动来实现,而这种假定是否可靠是未知的。为确定拖航工况下自升式平台所遭受的惯性载荷,文中利用SESAM软件及线性势流理论直接数值求解平台的运动响应RAO,并对垂荡、横摇和纵摇进行预报,将预报结果与简谐运动的假定进行比较。根据比较可知,简谐运动的假定是非常保守的假定。     

某斜坡堤工程消浪措施效果的试验分析

通过断面波浪物理模型试验,实测了某游艇港斜坡式防波堤的越浪量及堤内侧波高数据,分析防波堤顶高程的调整以及消浪肩台、护面块体坡顶宽度的变化对防波堤防浪效果的影响。试验研究结果为工程设计提供了科学的依据,同时对类似建港工程也具有比较实用的借鉴意义。     

威海船厂港域泊稳试验研究与数值模拟

针对威海船厂搬迁工程进行了港域波高物理模型试验研究。试验表明在2 a一遇波浪条件下大多数泊位满足泊稳要求,个别泊位不满足要求但相差不大。采用MIKE21-BW模型,考虑波浪的反射、绕射、破碎等物理现象建立近岸波浪数学模型,对港域单向不规则波传播变形过程进行数值模拟,将数值计算结果与试验结果进行比较。二者在港池外有效波高最大差值为0.29 m,港池内最大差值为0.1 m,吻合度较高,表明BW模型可用于威海船厂近岸波浪传播变形与泊稳计算。