葛洲坝1号船闸增设防撞安全设施的探讨

葛洲坝1号船闸由于与三峡船闸匹配运行,船舶实行导航墙待闸,下行船舶在导航墙停靠时距离人字门较近,而且下行船舶首船进闸后停靠位置与下闸首人字门距离较近,都具有碰撞人字门的风险。针对葛洲坝1号船闸人字门存在被碰撞的风险,结合上、下闸首的现场情况分别就上、下闸首人字门增设防撞设施方案的可能性进行分析,提出提升式、侧开式和下沉式等方案,并讨论各方案实现的可能性、优势及不足,为船闸人字门防撞安全设施的方案设计及应用提供参考。     

In search of surrogate safety indicators for vulnerable road users: a review of surrogate safety indicators

Surrogate indicators are meant to be alternatives or complements of safety analyses based on accident records. These indicators are used to study critical traffic events that occur more frequently, making such incidents easier to analyse. This article provides an overview of existing surrogate indicators and specifically focuses on their merit for the analyses of vulnerable road users and the extent to which they have been validated by previous research. Each indicator is evaluated based on its ability to consider the collision risk, which can be further divided into the initial conditions of an event, the magnitude of any evasive action and the injury risk in any traffic event. The results show that various indicators and their combinations can reflect different aspects of any traffic event. However, no existing indicator seems to capture all aspects. Various studies have also focused on the validity of different indicators. However, due to the use of diverse approaches to validation, the large difference in how many locations were investigated and variations in the duration of observation at each location, it is difficult to compare and discuss the validity of the different surrogate safety indicators. Since no current indicator can properly reflect all the important aspects underlined in this article, the authors suggest that the choice of a suitable indicator in future surrogate safety studies should be made with considerations of the context-dependent suitability of the respective indicator.     

Vehicle mass as a determinant of fuel consumption and secondary safety performance

One interaction between environmental and safety goals in transport is found within the vehicle fleet where fuel economy and secondary safety performance of individual vehicles impose conflicting requirements on vehicle mass from an individual’s perspective. Fleet characteristics influence the relationship between the environmental and safety outcomes of the fleet; the topic of this paper. Cross-sectional analysis of mass within the British fleet is used to estimate the partial effects of mass on the fuel consumption and secondary safety performance of vehicles. The results confirmed that fuel consumption increases as mass increases and is different for different combinations of fuel and transmission types. Additionally, increasing vehicle mass generally decreases the risk of injury to the driver of a given vehicle in the event of a crash. However, this relationship depends on the characteristics of the vehicle fleet, and in particular, is affected by changes in mass distribution within the fleet. We confirm that there is generally a trade-off in vehicle design between fuel economy and secondary safety performance imposed by mass. Cross-comparison of makes and models by model-specific effects reveal cases where this trade-off exists in other aspects of design. Although it is shown that mass imposes a trade-off in vehicle design between safety and fuel use, this does not necessarily mean that it imposes a trade-off between safety and environmental goals in the vehicle fleet as a whole because the secondary safety performance of a vehicle depends on both its own mass and the mass of the other vehicles with which it collides.     

防止电力机车进入无电单元(区)的安全预警方法

针对目前计划内接触网停电时电力机车进入无电单元(区)的问题,提出了基于动态停电作业区域数据对比库语音、屏幕鼠标点击坐标和高清成像分析进行"三元素二阶段"处理对比方法,以减少人员操作失误和损失.机车/车次信息及对应机车属性先由操作人员办理接发列预告(办理闭塞)的语音识别获取,再通过TDCS/CTC终端机非上位机获取并核对...     

城市地下道路入口智能控制系统设置及技术研究

当前城市地下道路建设越来越多,在城市交通体系中承担着重要作用,然而在水淹、火灾等紧急情况下,因未及时管控地下道路车辆而造成人员伤亡、财产损失的问题也时有发生,地下道路的运行安全面临挑战。通过对地下道路入口控制方法、总体方案、设备要求等开展研究,提出地下道路关闭多级预警、建立物理拦截需求和安全高效的控制系统等建议。通过文献、需求调研、技术比选验证,提出了包含物理控制设施、车道信号灯、交通感知设施、信息发布设施、声光警示设施的地下道路入口智能控制系统、控制流程及其主要的技术要求等方案,并结合广州南沙横沥岛尖地下环路的实例开展了方案设计和工程应用。研究提出的地下道路入口智能控制系统可以提升紧急工况下地下道路入口的交通控制效率,提升地下道路安全水平。     

含缺陷压力管道安全评定方法研究的现状与发展

含缺陷压力管道安全评定的方法较多,主要有极限载荷控制的塑性失效准则、断裂力学J积分的评定方法、英国R6双判据准则评定方法、美国ASME规范评定方法、参数不确定性缺陷的安全评定方法等.文章对这些方法加以简要的概括和评述,并分析了有些方法之间的区别与联系,同时指出工程化、可靠性和智能化是当前含缺陷压力管道安全评定方法的发展趋向.     

卫星定位数据驱动的营运车辆驾驶人驾驶风险评估模型

为了提高营运车辆驾驶人安全管理的精细化水平,合理地评估驾驶人驾驶风险程度,有的放矢地降低高风险驾驶人的事故率,基于卫星定位数据特点及驾驶行为与驾驶风险的相关关系设计26个驾驶行为特征参数。考虑到高速和非高速行驶时相同驾驶行为对驾驶风险的影响区别较大,根据23名营运车辆驾驶人的实测数据有针对性地筛选高速和非高速路段驾驶人风险评估指标,构建营运车辆驾驶人驾驶风险评估指标体系。然后,基于熵权法、独立性权系数法和Spearman相关系数法建立集成赋权法,确定各评估指标的权重。最后,雇佣40名营运车辆驾驶人进行实车试验以验证模型的合理性。结果表明：车辆速度和加速度方面的驾驶行为特征可以用于评估驾驶人的驾驶风险且评估效果较好,驾驶风险评估得分与实际交通冲突次数呈正相关关系,所建立模型可以较为准确地评估营运车辆驾驶人驾驶风险的高低,准确率达到77.50%,该模型在不同地区使用时,准确率存在一定的差异,但在容许范围之内,方法具有较好的鲁棒性。     

北京市地铁乘客安检安全意识调查分析

近年来,国内外地铁安全事故时有发生,地铁安检作为应对安全隐患的有效防范手段,加强其检查力度也成为国内各个地铁安全部门的共识。安检会增加乘客的延误时间,使乘客对地铁安检颇有微词,乘客与安检员发生冲突的事件也屡有发生。为增强乘客的地铁安全意识,改进安检流程,通过问卷调查和统计分析,对北京市地铁乘客进行调查,分析其评价水平及影响因素。结果表明,北京市地铁乘客的平均安全意识得分为74.16分,为中等水平,其中安全行为、安全态度、安全知识三个维度分别处于较高、中等、较低水平。该调查有助于地铁安全部门有针对性地制定地铁安检的宣传方案,提高服务水平,改善安检流程。     

电动汽车充电桩安全管理研究

随着国家对环境保护和能源节约的重视以及新能源政策的实施,电动汽车行业迎来了快速发展。充电基础设施的建设,是加快电动汽车推广的重要需要。电动汽车充电基础设施建设和运营业务发展的机会也极大,随之而来的安全管理工作要求也越来越高。本文依据充电桩建设和运营的特点,剖析其中面临的安全风险,并提出加强安全管理工作的措施,为充电桩企业安全管理运营提供参考和借鉴。     

基于灰色二次指数平滑的QAR参数关联度预测

由于QAR参数波动的后果具有潜在性和滞后性,因此分析人员容易忽视其危险性而使其发展为不利事件。针对该问题,提出运用QAR参数关联度分析的方法,建立QAR参数波动与事件之间的对应关系;并构建基于二次指数平滑-灰色关联法的关联度预测模型,进一步明确QAR参数波动与事件之间关系的动态变化趋势。运用实际数据对该模型进行验证,表明结论符合实际,该模型科学合理,可以用于QAR参数分析过程。