Analysis of collapse resistance of offshore rigid frame - Continuous girder bridge based on time-varying fragility

In service period, the key to ensure the service performance of bridge is to control its material durability damage and continuous collapse better. Nowadays, most anti - collapse analysis under earthquake is for the frame structure, the theory and method of anti - collapse analysis of bridge is not systematically summarized. Taking a 4 - span rigid frame - continuous girder bridge in offshore seismic prone region as an example, a new quantitative criterion for collapse resistance was proposed based on theoretical fragility, reliability theory and concept removal method of components, which is suitable for the example bridge. The results show that the time-varying durability damage and time-varying bond - slip effect on mechanical properties of materials can't be ignored in service period; the fragility and importance coefficient increase with service life, while the robustness coefficient decreases with service life, the different optimization algorithms all improve their corresponding parameters; when the bridge reaches its designed service life, its robustness coefficient is about 25% of that of the new, when the bridge exceeds the designed service life, its robustness coefficient decay rate is low, and the residual robustness coefficient is about 18%, the bridge still has certain anti - collapse performance.     

复合纤维混凝土的早期抗裂性能

通过在水泥基体中加入纤维素纤维(CTF)、聚乙烯醇纤维(PF)、复合微筋纤维(VS)3种性能各异的纤维,分析了其单掺与混掺时混凝土的早期抗裂性能.结果表明:单掺时PF在3种纤维中对早期抗裂性能贡献最大,但混掺时CTF,VS可与PF形成互补,产生正混杂效应,其中CTF与PF共同遏制早期微裂纹的扩展,VS在微裂纹扩展为裂缝时发挥"桥接"作用,从而增强混凝土早期抗裂性能.研究结果可为研发高性能水泥基复合纤维材料提供参考.     

Ship resistance when operating in floating ice floes: A combined CFD&DEM approach

Whilst climate change is transforming the Arctic into a navigable ocean where small ice floes are floating on the sea surface, the effect of such ice conditions on ship performance has yet to be understood. The present work combines a set of numerical methods to simulate the ship-wave-ice interaction in such ice conditions. Particularly, Computational Fluid Dynamics is applied to provide fluid solutions for the floes and it is incorporated with the Discrete Element Method to govern ice motions and account for ship-ice/ice-ice collisions, by which, the proposed approach innovatively includes ship-generated waves in the interaction. In addition, this work provides two algorithms that can implement computational models with natural ice-floe fields, which takes floe size distribution and randomness into consideration thus achieving high-fidelity modelling of the problem. Following validation against experiments, the model is shown accurate in predicting the ice-floe resistance of a ship, and then a series of simulations are performed to investigate how the resistance is influenced by ship speed, ice concentration, ice thickness and floe diameter. This paper presents a useful approach that can provide power estimates for Arctic shipping and has the potential to facilitate other polar engineering purposes.     

动态交通分配问题研究回顾与展望

动态交通分配(Dynamic Traffic Assignment，DTA)理论是智能交通系统中最重要的关键技 术基础之一，也是当前交通科学中最活跃的研究领域之一，其模型可以广泛应用于离线的交通规 划及政策评估和在线的智能交通系统应用。本文首先回顾了DTA理论50年来的发展历程，总结 了不同发展阶段形成的重要理论和方法。其次介绍了DTA问题的两个基本构成：出行选择准则 和交通流传播模型，指出这两个基本组成部分通过走行时间函数(或阻抗函数)来关联，并总结了 DTA 问题中主要的出行选择准则、主要的交通流传播模型、重点关注的交通行为、走行时间函 数。依据出行者的出行选择内容、交通状况掌握、出行需求弹性、出行决策时间跨度以及用户类 型等对动态交通分配问题进行分类，并详细比较分析不同类型动态交通分配问题之间的差异。 进一步，介绍了DTA问题主要的解析模型，依据时间是否连续和使用的决策变量分别对DTA模 型进行分类，并总结了不同类型DTA模型的主要优缺点。介绍了不同出行选择准则下DTA问题 的主要求解方法，并评述求解方法的收敛性、效率等。此外，还概述了DTA模型在交通规划、交通 政策评估、交通控制与管理等方面的应用。最后，对DTA理论的进一步发展进行展望，指出DTA 理论和方法可以在5方面取得突破：动态网络加载模型的高效计算方法和性态良好的动态阻抗函 数，大规模交通网络上DTA问题的有效求解算法，超级网络上基于活动链的DTA模型，DTA模型 在交通管理与控制中的应用，未来智能网联环境下DTA模型及其应用。     

桶形直立结构护岸抗滑稳定计算方法的研究

本文对依托工程已取得研究结果的衔接段原位观测数据和离心模型试验研究进行分析,在此基础上初步建立了桶形直立结构护岸的抗滑稳定计算方法。     

Forecasting journey time distribution with consideration to abnormal traffic conditions

Travel time is an important index for managers to evaluate the performance of transportation systems and an intuitive measure for travelers to choose routes and departure times. An important part of the literature focuses on predicting instantaneous travel time under recurrent traffic conditions to disseminate traffic information. However, accurate travel time prediction is important for assessing the effects of abnormal traffic conditions and helping travelers make reliable travel decisions under such conditions. This study proposes an online travel time prediction model with emphasis on capturing the effects of anomalies. The model divides a path into short links. A Functional Principal Component Analysis (FPCA) framework is adopted to forecast link travel times based on historical data and real-time measurements. Furthermore, a probabilistic nested delay operator is used to calculate path travel time distributions. To ensure that the algorithm is fast enough for online applications, parallel computation architecture is introduced to overcome the computational burden of the FPCA. Finally, a rolling horizon structure is applied to online travel time prediction. Empirical results for Guangzhou Airport Expressway indicate that the proposed method can capture an abrupt change in traffic state and provide a promising and reliable travel time prediction at both the link and path levels. In the case where the original FPCA is modified for parallelization, accuracy and computational effort are evaluated and compared with those of the sequential algorithm. The proposed algorithm is found to require only a piece rather than a large set of traffic incident records.     

复杂环境下连续弯钢箱梁耐火性能提升方法

交通类火灾严重威胁钢结构桥梁的耐久性和安全性。为提升复杂环境(开放火灾和弯桥荷载)下连续弯钢箱梁的耐火性能,增强钢结构桥梁的安全服役寿命,选取大型立交桥枢纽工程中两跨连续弯钢箱梁为研究对象,通过建立耐火试验验证的钢箱梁与混凝土刚性基层协同工作的数值预测模型,深入揭示开放环境碳氢火灾下传热模式和结构特征耦合的箱梁力学行为演化规律。研究了局部环境火灾作用下结构的高温响应与失效模式,分析了复杂荷载状况、弯曲半径与支座布置方式对连续弯钢箱梁火灾响应行为的影响,提出了复杂环境下连续弯钢箱梁的耐火性能提升方法。研究结果表明:连续弯钢箱梁在火灾下的内外侧挠度差值不断增大,主梁内外侧支座反力的变化呈相反趋势,并且在受火初期支座反力变化程度剧烈;受火区域边缘靠近中支点的底板与腹板严重屈曲从而先形成塑性铰,然后在受火跨跨中形成塑性铰,随即整跨结构发生突然性垮塌;荷载水平的增大会显著缩短其耐火极限,受火前期及时撤离桥上的车辆荷载能够有效地延缓变形发展并且避免结构的突然性垮塌;曲率半径小于200 m会显著加剧连续弯钢箱梁高温下的弯扭耦合效应,增大主梁内外侧挠度差值与内外侧支座反力变化幅度,削弱火灾下结构的整体稳定性能;在钢结构桥梁抗火设计时中支点应设置抗扭支座,常温下支座的布置方式对火灾下连续弯钢箱梁的支座受力状况改善甚微,应在支座与梁端附近增设外部限位装置以防止结构变形过大。研究结论可为提升复杂环境下钢结构桥梁抵抗火灾的能力以及增强安全服役寿命提供设计依据。     

混凝土箱梁水化热温度试验研究

研究目的:温度应力已被认为是混凝土箱梁开裂的主要原因之一。为了掌握水化热温度沿箱梁截面的分布规律,并根据混凝土施工工艺状况,估算温差应力,特对混凝土箱梁进行了水化热温度试验,为箱梁设计与施工提供有益的参考。研究方法:水化热温度测试选取了梁体的跨中及端部截面,按照能够充分反映箱梁水化热变化情况的原则,分别在顶板、底板、腹板布置了内埋式温度传感器,从混凝土入模开始,量测水化热温度的变化情况。研究结果:根据温度测试结果,可以绘制出混凝土水化热温度随观测时间变化的曲线。通过对秦沈客运专线箱梁温度测试结果的总结分析,重点阐述了箱梁混凝土早期水化热温度发展的一般规律,其中包括水化热温度时程曲线的一般形式、温升基本规律、温降基本规律、混凝土的温度梯度、入模温度与温度峰值的关系等,并提出了防止温差过大而引起混凝土开裂的工程措施。     

Study on J-integral with SENB specimensin a condenser material

A series of tests was performed with three-point single-edge-notched-bend (SENB) specimens in a condenser material (Titanium alloy). Results show that the J-integral values of welded joint and HAZ are obviously smaller than those of the base metal. It signifies that the welding process can result in a reduced toughness of Titanium alloy and the effect of crack orientation on toughness value is not negligible for engineering applications. Besides, the J-integral values of L-T direction specimens are much higher than those of LS ones. The J-integral values of rolled ring are: J_(C-R)>J_(C-L)>J_(L-R).     

折线先张梁施工中抗拔锚桩桩长的计算

结合在折线先张梁施工中抗拔锚桩的设计实例 ,介绍抗拔锚桩设计中有关计算抗拔力的经验公式 ,并对其各自得出的计算结果进行分析 ,提出抗拔桩设计中应注意的一些问题