模态试验分析对解决汽车振动问题的应用

针对某车辆在行驶试验时,在车速57 km/h时出现低频5.4 Hz的驾驶室异常振动的现象,振动形式为俯仰振动,人体乘坐舒适性主观感觉很差。先后采用多种常规振动分析试验方法对该车进行振动分析,也未能分析出引起驾驶室异常振动的原因。最后对该车的车架和驾驶室进行模态试验分析,分析判断得出该车在行驶时驾驶室异常振动的频率与车架整体一阶弯曲时的接近,由此判断该车驾驶室异常振动是由车架整体-阶弯曲引起的。根据试验分析结果,文章最后对某车问题的改进方案综合评价后提出了合理的改进方案。     

Actively controlled vehicle suspension with energy regeneration capabilities

The paper presents an innovative dual purpose automotive suspension topology, combining for the first time the active damping qualities with mechanical vibrations power regeneration capabilities. The new configuration consists of a linear generator as an actuator, a power processing stage based on a gyrator operating under sliding mode control and dynamics controllers. The researched design is simple and energetically efficient, enables an accurate force–velocity suspension characteristic control as well as energy regeneration control, with no practical implementation constraints imposed over the theoretical design. Active damping is based on Skyhook suspension control scheme, which enables overcoming the passive damping tradeoff between high- and low-frequency performance, improving both body isolation and the tire's road grip. The system-level design includes configuration of three system operation modes: passive, semi–active or fully active damping, all using the same electro-mechanical infrastructure, and each focusing on different objective: dynamics improvement or power regeneration. Conclusively, the innovative hybrid suspension is theoretically researched, practically designed and analysed, and proven to be feasible as well as profitable in the aspects of power regeneration, vehicle dynamics improvement and human health risks reduction.     

Analytical solutions for optimal ride comfort and tyre grip for passive vehicle suspensions

The paper derives analytical solutions for the global optimum of the ride comfort and tyre grip performance measures for a quarter-car vehicle model optimised both individually and in combination. The solutions are derived for six simple suspension networks comprising one or two springs, one damper and possibly one inerter. The solutions are functions of four vehicle parameters: the sprung mass, the unsprung mass, the tyre stiffness and the static stiffness, of the suspension.     

An investigation into the effect of suspension configurations on the performance of tracked vehicles traversing bump terrains

This is a theoretical investigation into the effect of various suspension configurations on a tracked vehicle performance over bump terrains. The model developed is validated using published experimental data of the modal characteristics of the vehicle. The desired performance is based on ride comfort via the mixed objective function (MOF), which combines the crest factor of bounce acceleration, bounce displacement, angular acceleration, and pitch angle. The optimisation process involves evaluating the MOF for different numbers and locations of dampers and under different rigid bump road conditions and speeds. The system responses of the selected suspension configurations in the time and frequency domains are compared against the undamped suspension. The results show that the suspension configurations have a significant effect on the vehicle mobility over bump road profiles. For a five-road–wheel half model of a tracked vehicle, the maximum number of dampers to use for ride comfort over these road bumps is three with the dampers located at wheel positions 1, 2 and 5. This confirms the current practice for many tracked vehicles with 10 road wheels. However, it is further shown that the suspension fitted with two dampers at the extreme road wheels offer the best performance over various rigid bump terrains.     

铁路桥上减振CRTS-Ⅲ型无砟轨道振动响应及车辆平稳性分析

为了研究桥上减振CRTS-Ⅲ型无砟轨道对车体系统和轨道系统振动影响,分析车辆的平稳性指标,基于车辆、轨道系统二维模型,利用动柔度法分别计算车辆、轨道系统的动柔度,建立频率域的车辆-轨道-桥梁耦合模型;计算车辆及轨道系统的振动加速度并分析其规律,计算不同轨道系统下车辆的平顺性指标。研究结果表明:与常规CRTS-Ⅲ型轨道相比,采用橡胶减振垫刚度为0.018 N/m3的减振轨道系统下峰值轮轨力减小,车轮、转向架振动加速度分别降低13.6%和52.6%,车体在1～20Hz范围内振动变化不大;钢轨、轨道板的振动加速度增大1.69和2.68倍,桥梁的振动加速度减少69.9%;车辆的平顺性指标分别为2.70和2.61,车辆平稳性指标降低4%。与常规CRTS-Ⅲ型无砟轨道相比,减振CRTS-Ⅲ型无砟轨道下车辆系统各构件的振动加速度有不同程度的降低,轨道系统中,钢轨和轨道的振动加速度增大,桥梁振动加速度降低。车辆的平稳性指标降低,乘客的舒适性有一定程度提高。     

基于乘用车型平顺性分析的新指标--汽车综合振动舒适度Cgv

提出了一种新的可用于乘用车开发的平顺性预测分析指标Cgv,并以长安车为例 ,给出了在获取Cgv指标时 ,所遇到的有关速度、位置、路面比例和人机因素等诸项加权系数的确定方法 ,从而使概念车平顺性预测更加合理。     

地下铁道车站设计乘降客流量的确定法

本文根据运营地铁积累的客流调查以及规划地铁可行性研究报告中,理论预测提供 的资料,经统计分析,应用预测理论和方法,提出供实际应用的设计乘降最的方法,此 法可简化客流规划工作量,省时,省费用.      

汽车平顺性仿真中路面文件生成方法

在ADAMS/View中进行汽车平顺性仿真,需要根据不同的实验方法建立相应的路面文件,构造满足仿真要求的路面是该任务的一大难点。探讨在ADAMS仿真中生成各种路面文件的一些方法,生成常用车速下的路面文件,结合整车模型,对生成路面进行验证,仿真结果表明生成方法的可行性及生成路面的正确性。     

大型活动异地小汽车出行者的停车换乘行为

大型活动中,异地私人小汽车出行者可分为当日往返与停留多日两种类型. 重点针对停留多日的异地私人小汽车出行者,分析了其出行特征及对停车换乘服务的需求特征;利用随机效用理论,建立了停车换乘行为非集计模型. 模型的关键变量包括三个：利用P&R系统后的换乘公交的车内时间、停车费的变化量以及郊区新城吸引力指数. 指出大型活动期间针对停留多日者的停车换乘设施规划及政策制定必须统筹考虑全程出行链的需求,影响其选择停车换乘的首要因素是郊区新城的吸引力大小. 停车换乘配套政策的重点应该是增强郊区新城的吸引力;提出在郊区新城住宿宾馆设置停车换乘点的对策.     

客车平顺性评价指标及限值标准新旧版对比分析

分析QC/T474-1999《客车平顺性评价指标及限值》标准在试验条件、评价指标和限值设计的局限性,阐述新版标准修订的基本思路和主要内容。