塔梁分离式悬索桥若干问题研究

本文以湘西矮寨大桥工程为背景,针对塔梁分离式悬索桥存在的塔梁分离区域刚度跳跃和变形不协调造成的该区域构件受力分配不合理问题,通过逐步减小吊跨比对塔梁分离式悬索桥结构的应力、变形及疲劳性能进行系统的研究,分析得出塔梁分离式极限无索区长度,进而提出改善无索区受力性能的措施.研究表明钢桁加劲梁下弦杆的疲劳性能对吊跨比的变化最为敏感,是控制无索区长度进一步增大的主要因素;而在无索区设置竖向或斜向辅助地锚索能够使其性能得到明显的改善.     

县东路泾河特大桥方案设计探析

县东路泾河特大桥是连接泾河新城与西安的重要通道,建成后将成为泾河新城新的地标性景观建筑物.通过介绍总体设计思路,主桥、引桥桥型方案比选以及天鹅形独塔斜拉桥方案的设计情况,可为以后的市政景观桥梁方案设计提供有益的参考.     

大跨度桥梁悬臂浇注施工技术探讨

悬臂浇注工艺在桥梁施工中的应用十分广泛,主要因为其施工工序相对简单和经济,而且不受施工场地限制.结合工程实践经验介绍大跨度桥梁悬臂浇注施工的关键工艺,可供类似拱桥施工参考.     

基于比例视诱法的高速公路跨线桥梁景观技术研究

高速公路跨线桥梁的结构形式以多跨布置的梁式桥为主,其景观要求也通常只需要考虑立面范围内的整体效果,文中提出了比例视诱法开展高速公路跨线桥梁的景观技术研究,主要包括以黄金分割比与墩高与跨径之比完成桥梁孔跨布置,然后通过完成增加翼板宽度和腹板斜做等方法完成上部结构断面视觉诱导处理,结合韵律感、选型、墩梁过渡等完成桥墩景观设计。在此基础上,以从莞高速跨东深公路处的石马河大桥为具体工程背景,开展景观优化设计研究,取得了良好的景观效果,验证了比例视诱法的有效性与可行性。     

液压电梯温升计算及其柱塞缸尺寸的校核

液压电梯具有运行平稳、传递力大,易于无级调速,井道面积小,工作寿命长等优点。本文以比例节流调速型液压电梯为研究对象,针对液压系统发热量大的问题,以上下行为一个工作循环周期,分析了不同工作频度下,液压系统连续运行一定时间所产生的温升,用于指导液压电梯的安全使用。最后对其执行元件——柱塞缸的主要结构尺寸进行了校核,验证其工作可靠性。     

Ports in Proximity – Competition and Coordination among Adjacent Seaports,edited by Theo Notteboom,Cesar Ducruet,and Peter de Langen

The summer minimum extent of Arctic sea ice shrank drastically in these years, and the opportunity on Arctic international shipping emerged. The Northern Sea Route (NSR), formerly blocked by permanent ice, was completely ice-free in September in the past 3 years. Because this route is much shorter than conventional Asia–Europe shipping lane, many maritime countries have paid attention to exploit the enormous potential of the Arctic Ocean from economical consideration. This study measured the economical advantage of the seasonal NSR by calculating the shipping cost saved.     

Managing Shoreline Change Under Increasing Sea-Level Rise in Ghana

Relative sea-level rise will affect vulnerable coastal communities globally. Quantifying this effect on the coastal environment and infrastructure provides critical information that enables coastal managers to develop sustainable mitigation and adaptation measures. Modeling applications have enabled the past, present, and future trends in shoreline morphology to be investigated in detail. Predictive numerical models depend largely on the reliability of the input data. This article reports on using the Soft Cliff and Platform Erosion (SCAPE) numerical model to simulate future shoreline evolution trend in the central Accra coast in Ghana. The model input parameters include historic shoreline recession rates, wave data, tidal data, bathymetry, beach volume, beach topography, historic relative sea-level rise rates, and the shoreline orientation. The data fed the SCAPE numerical model which simulated the emergence of soft rock shore profiles over timescale of decades to centuries, to project future positions of the central Accra shoreline for the next 100 years under different scenarios of climate change. Simulated future shoreline positions overlaid on a 2005 orthophoto map of Accra enabled vulnerable areas and infrastructure at risk to be identified. It emerged that a highly populated community in central Accra will be inundated by 2065, while the Rivera beach resort will be eroded from 2035. A natural fish landing site in Osu (suburb in Accra) will be lost from 2045. The study has demonstrated that considerable ecological, economic, social, and national losses should be expected within the next century. Shoreline change management options should be explored to help mitigate the expected impact of the sea-level rise.     

Financing Beach Improvements: Comparing Two Approaches on the Georgia Coast

Fifty-five percent of Georgia's developed coastline has been armored with various types of erosion protection devices. This article is about beach improvement projects at Jekyll Island that would operate under (a) a nourishment policy or (b) a retreat policy. Benefits are calculated from an intensive, on-site survey of beach visitors and the costs are calculated from observable sources. Two financing methods are considered: general revenue and user fee financing. The analyses imply recommending beach improvement as an effective policy within the considered time frame.     

Synergies between Adjacent Beach-Nourishing Communities in a Morpho-Economic Coupled Coastline Model

Beach “nourishment” consists of placing sand on an eroding beach. The widened beach provides increased storm protection to adjacent structures and improved recreational benefits, but is most often transient, requiring on-going, repeated nourishment episodes. Numerical models of beach nourishment typically address such questions as how long a widened beach will last; economic models compare the benefits and costs of preserving a stretch of beach without regard to its geomorphic evolution. Neither have addressed the physical nor economic interactions between adjacent nourishing communities. Here, we couple a numerical model of coastline evolution and a cost-benefit model of beach nourishment, allowing adjacent communities to make dynamic nourishment decisions. Beach nourishment benefits adjacent communities both “updrift” and “downdrift.” The total amount of money spent on nourishment activities can decrease by as much as 25% when adjacent communities both conduct on-going nourishment projects, as opposed to the case where each community nourishes in isolation.     

内流对洪水冲击下管跨临界长度影响研究

为了研究洪水冲击管道时形成的管跨临界长度,分别介绍了洪水作用下管道的动力特性以及内流对管道特性的影响。针对管内流动与管外洪水冲击对于管道的作用,建立了内流、外流共同作用下的管道动力控制方程。结果表明:对于洪水冲击管道的问题,不应仅考虑洪水的作用,也应该考虑内流对于管道的作用;内流流速增大、压强增大、密度减小都将缩短临界长度。考虑内流的管跨临界长度,对设计及现场抢维修都具有借鉴作用。