Mobile phone use while driving: public opinions on restrictions

This paper reviews two road-user surveys on the use of mobile phones on the road in Finland where the mobile phone ownership rate is highest in the world (70% in August 2000). From 1998 to 1999 the proportion of drivers that chose to use a mobile phone while driving rose from 56% to 68%, while the proportion of phone using drivers who experienced dangerous situations due to phone use rose from 44% to 50%. The proportion of drivers who used their phones in some way to benefit safety on the road remained at about 55%. The youngest, novice drivers had the highest level of phone usage of all age categories. Over 48% of the interviewees believed that the government should ban the use of hand-held mobile phones while driving, and another 27% believed that all types of mobile phone use should be banned while driving. Those drivers who used their phones the most each day were more likely to want some form of restrictions, than those who had lower usage. This is a strong message to the elected lawmakers and raises the problem of exactly how regulatory bodies would go about controlling the future growth of new driver support and non-driving related communication devices in road vehicles. It was concluded that legislating for hands-free use only would be a reasonable course of action. Mandating that the current generation of equipment should be optimized for hands-free use should result in future generations of in-vehicle equipment also being optimized for hands-free use as a minimum criterion.     

盐渍土地区公路边坡的生物防护

结合实践经验论述了盐渍土地区公路边坡生物防护技术的意义,介绍了公路边坡生物防护的主要模式、护坡植物的选择原则以及主要的护坡植物类型。     

渤海波浪地理信息系统的建立

随着地理信息系统(GIS)的广泛应用,建立一个具有波浪预报或后报功能的信息系统为工程建设服务,不仅十分必要,而且随着波浪模拟技术的发展变得可能。文中论述了采用第三代波浪模型中的SWAN(SimulatingWAves Nearshore)来模拟渤海波浪场,在获得较长时间波浪模拟结果的基础上,对渤海波浪地理信息系统的建立进行了一些尝试和探索。这些波浪资料对于港口及海洋工程是十分必要的。     

JKLP-Ⅰ型机车语音记录系统的研制与开发

本文主要介绍JKLP—Ⅰ型机车语音记录系统的工作原理、系统结构以及功能特点等。     

刚性悬挂自由振动特性分析

以南京地铁一号线刚性悬挂参数为依据,利用有限元模态分析法建立了接触网刚性悬挂自由振动的振型,列举出自由振动的各阶频率,并从模拟计算结果中分析了刚性悬挂的一些振动特性。     

豫西农村公路的选择——水泥砼路

修建水泥砼路面具有施工方便，后期养护成本低，经济适用等优点，是豫西山区农村公路的最佳选择。     

杭州城市交通拥挤现状及对策

在分析杭州市交通供需现状的基础上,提出了规划多中心结构和混合功能区,以减少不必要的出行以及合理配置交通源,并对改善中心区交通提出切实可行的对策。     

船舶液力耦合器的人工神经网络的数学建模

从船舶动力装置动态建模与仿真的实际需求，引出了其主要部件之一的液力耦合器数学建模在稳／动态特性研究中的重要性，以及利用其试验曲线(输入特性形式)作为数据源去构建准稳态数学模型的困难之处：寻找一种通用的数学表达形式，以实现①液力耦合器在额定工况及其附近的试验曲线的内插与外廷；②过渡工况液力耦合器数学模型的设计(如液力耦合器接合和脱开过程其滑差从100％向额定滑差值方向的变化)。本文介绍了人工神经网络方法在液力耦合器动态建模中的应用。文章先介绍了其数学建模的思路和要点：①选择人工神经网络算法(包括传递函数)与结构(人工神经网络隐含层数目和神经元个数)；②提高人工神经网络泛化能力的措施；③利用专业知识扩充人工神经网络训练用的数据样本。然后叙述了其数学模型在某船舶动力装置稳态、动态特性计算机仿真研究中的某些有意义的结果：①正常航行(四机双桨)稳态工况时各车令下液力耦合器的滑差；②不同螺旋桨螺距下的液力耦合器接合过程的滑差变化；③怠速→前进五的急加速过程的滑差变化。     

Japanese perspective of driver information systems

A perspective view of of Japanese R&D activities of Driver Information Systems is given from the standpoint of developing joint projects by public and private sectors. First, a brief history of the R&D activities is illustrated from above mentioned standpoint. Then, two major projects, AMTICS and RACS, and the social backgrounds of these projects are explained. In order to give a clear idea of both projects some technical details are treated.Based on the history and the present status of the developments, the basic design conceptions of Japanese Driver Information Systems are explained and several factors or reasons which have influenced to the design conception are discussed. Then, the promoting systems of the R&D activities are generally explained and present status of the projects and future problems in developing more advanced systems are also handled. A brief discussion on the establishment of international standard is also mentioned as a final comment.