Experimental analysis of tyre-enveloping characteristics at low speed

In this study, experiments are conducted to investigate tyre-enveloping characteristics. Four different types of tyres are tested. Parameters such as different tyre inflation pressures, vertical loads and types of obstacles (cleats) are considered. In addition to vertical stiffnesses of all tyres, vertical and horizontal force variations while traversing different obstacles at low speed are studied. The effects of inflation pressure and vertical load on variations of force and moment are investigated. Static test results showed that after a certain vertical displacement, all curves in force–deflection diagrams plotted with and without cleat intersect regardless of cleat and tyre types, depending on the inflation pressure of the tyre, which can be called typical static tyre-enveloping characteristics. Test results at low speed show that there is a considerable influence of the vertical load on vertical and lateral force responses of a tyre.     

世界第一高钢桁梁斜拉桥动力特性试验研究

以跨径为720 m、桥面距地面516 m的世界第一高钢桁梁斜拉桥—北盘江大桥为例,采用有限元软件MIDAS/CIVIL2016建立有限元模型,进行大桥自振特性理论分析。介绍了钢桁架斜拉桥动力荷载试验方法和过程,对大桥的固有频率、动应变等实测参数与理论进行了对比。试验结果表明,大桥数值分析与实测数据吻合较好,实测整体刚度大于理论刚度,具有一定的安全储备,结构受力特性正常,可为同类钢桁梁斜拉桥检测评定提供参考。     

跨径对水泥混凝土桥面铺装力学性能影响的数值分析

水泥混凝土桥面铺装力学计算分析中,桥梁跨径对铺装层力学响应有重要影响。文章针对跨径长短对桥面铺装力学性能指标的影响展开研究,为桥面铺装力学计算中模型的简化提供理论依据。     

中心城区主干路改造的设计要点探讨

中心城区主干路一般建成时间较早,随着城市化进程的加快和社会经济的发展,现状市政交通、管线已不能满足沿线用户的需求;路面出现不同程度损坏,影响了行车的安全性和舒适性;沿线各类城市市政设施缺乏统一性和规范性,严重影响了道路交通和城市周边形象,制约了城市形象的提升和进一步发展.针对中心城区主干路改造的设计要点,从道路功能定位、纵断面控制、路面材料、轨道交通协调与管理、现有乔木的处理等方面进行阐述.     

微型桩-香根草协同护坡试验与计算研究

单一的香根草护坡或微型桩护坡在边坡加固与防护工程中均得到了广泛应用，但针对两者协同护坡的研究和相关工程应用相对较少。边坡安全系数作为评判边坡稳定性的重要依据之一，其计算分析结果的准确程度高，可提升滑坡灾害的预测水平，从而降低损失。通过室外大比例尺模型试验，采用坡顶分级堆载对植被与微型桩协同护坡的效果进行试验，并对采用多种理论与数值方法求得的边坡安全系数进行了比较，分析了香根草及微型桩对边坡安全系数的影响。试验与计算结果表明：采用三维有限元分析得到的安全系数略高于二维有限元分析；相比于素土边坡，微型桩-香根草协同护坡能极大地提高边坡安全系数，有效提高坡体稳定性，而且能够提高边坡承受荷载能力，研究结果可为生态防护与工程加固措施协同护坡工程设计提供理论依据。     

精密仪器中光电探测器件的特性与选用

在光电技术产业化过程中，光电器件的重要性日益显现。光电器件的种类很多，功能各异。如何掌握各种光电器件的特性及正确选用光电器件是光电技术实际应用中的关键。在对一个光电系统的性能指标进行评价时，系统所选用的光电器件的性能参数指标已经成为最重要的影响因素之一。本文介绍了常用光电器件的主要特性，对常用光电器件进行了对比。讨论了光电器件应用选择时的注意事项与技巧，并对选用光电器件的基本原则进行了总结。     

3D brush model to predict longitudinal tyre characteristics

A 3D tyre brush model, which aims to predict the longitudinal tyre characteristic under steady-state conditions by modelling the occurring physical effects in the tyre–road contact patch, is presented. The model includes an analytical method to describe the tyre footprint geometry, the pressure distribution, the slip due to the lateral tyre contour, the slip due to braking or traction and the longitudinal as well as the lateral shear stresses on a flattened tyre. The presented development tool offers a method to investigate different rubber friction data (caused by different tread compounds and/or surface textures) and to analyse its influence on longitudinal tyre characteristics. The tyre design is fixed (same casing, dimension and pattern). The results include the shear stresses as well as the different sliding velocities in the contact patch for different slip conditions. The model was developed for a standard summer pattern design and a standard tyre dimension (205/55R16). It can also be adapted to other tread designs and tyre dimensions. To offer a good comparability between model results and test bench measurements, the surface curvature of an internal test rig is considered.     

Application of the Pareto-optimal approach for selecting dynamic characteristics of seat suspension systems

In this paper, a method for selecting the dynamic characteristics of seat suspension systems is presented. The basic principle of such a method consists in the shaping of nonlinear seat suspension dynamic behaviour for the different requirements defined by machine operators. A combined optimisation procedure has allowed to find the Pareto-optimal system configuration with simultaneous minimisation of conflicted optimisation criteria: the suspended body acceleration and suspension travel. As an example of the proposed method, the seat with a viscous-elastic passive suspension is investigated and its vibro-isolation properties are shaped by the air-spring and shock-absorber force characteristics.     

旧路改造期间运营安全评价

旧路改造期间不断交施工,交通量较大,应对其运营安全预先分析评价。通过对沿线设施预先危险性分析可知,危险因素等级均为Ⅱ级,并提出防范措施。通过对改建期运营预先危险性分析可知,危险因素中车辆伤害、起重伤害等级为Ⅲ级,对可能造成人员重大伤亡及设施严重破坏的灾难性事故,应立即采取防范对策。     

温度变化对粗粒硫酸盐渍土路基变形影响分析

粗粒硫酸盐渍土路基在环境温度变化下易出现盐胀、沉陷等变形问题，其对路基正常使用造成的影响不容忽视。针对此问题，依托伊朗德黑兰-库姆-伊斯法罕高速铁路项目，在施工现场选取试验段，开展路基温度、水分的长期监测，分析路基温度和含水率随时间的变化规律。在此基础上，利用自主设计的温度变化试验装置，采用现场路基填料，开展室内温度变化循环试验，对粗粒硫酸盐渍土的变形特性进行研究。结果表明：监测期间，试验段路基温度的敏感深度为0.22 m，深度为1.0 m以内的路基含水率变化较大；在9个周期的试验过程中，试样深度在20 cm范围内的温度和含水率随时间的变化更为显著，且随着试验温度的变化，试样温度的变化存在一定的滞后性；含盐量为1.5%的土样在第1，2次温度变化循环试验中表现为盐-冻胀变形，其最大盐-冻胀变形量为0.128 mm，而含盐量为3%的土样在前6次循环试验中均表现为盐-冻胀变形，其最大盐-冻胀变形量为0.232 mm；由于受到温度、冰盐相变、含盐量、土颗粒组成、试验周期等多重因素的影响，9个试验周期后，不同含盐量的试样最终均呈现沉陷变形，其中，含盐量为1.5%试样的最终沉陷变形量为0.585 mm，是含盐量为3%试样最终沉陷变形的5.42倍。该研究结果可为相关工程提供一定的技术参考和借鉴。