基于感知能力的微观交通流动力学建模与仿真

基于驾驶员驾驶行为感知能力，提出了一种新的微观交通流动力学模型. 通过理论分析和数值模拟，对新模型的性能进行了详细的研究分析. 通过理论分析，基于线性稳定性理论，得到了新模型的稳定性条件. 通过数值模拟，深入分析了各参数对密度波和迟滞环的影响，进而对交通流稳定性的影响. 仿真算例结果表明：驾驶员感知能力对交通流稳定性有显著影响，车头距离变化信息可有效增强交通流的稳定性，对stop-and-go 交通拥堵有显著抑制作用，但不可避免的感知缓冲时间会破坏交通稳定性，进而产生严重的stop-and-go 交通拥堵；密度波和迟滞环的数值仿真结果与理论分析结果吻合得很好，验证了理论分析结果.     

紧急疏散情况下地铁车站动态瓶颈识别

随着城市轨道交通系统逐渐成网,地铁车站日渐拥挤,为了制定科学有效的紧急疏散方案,有必要预先找到车站瓶颈点。基于时间可靠度函数模拟乘客在紧急情况下路径选择行为,在此基础上引入M//G/C/C排队模型对车站排队系统各个服务台进行排队性能指标计算,找出潜在瓶颈点。以广州地铁3号线岗顶站为例,结合车站硬件设施尺寸数量,模拟计算最恶劣情况下乘客疏散过程,找到3处潜在瓶颈点,测算结果与实际观测情况相符合,验证了该方法的有效性。     

An exploratory investigation of the impact of ramp metering on driver acceleration behavior

Ramp metering has been proven as an effective freeway management strategy; however, the impact of ramp metering on drivers' acceleration behavior has not been fully investigated. A better understanding of acceleration behavior changes with ramp metering is critical to the adequate design of ramp metering facilities. In this study, drivers' speed and acceleration data were collected at two representative metered ramps in Los Angeles, California. The speed and acceleration profiles under meter-on and meter-off scenarios were compared. Statistical results demonstrated that ramp metering affects drivers' acceleration behavior at ramp acceleration lane. It was found that at the metered ramp with short existing acceleration length, the average acceleration rate from ramp meter stop bar to 500 ft downstream under meter-on scenario (4.72 ft./s²) is approximately 40% higher than when meter-off (3.18 ft./s²). The design of acceleration lane length for metered on-ramps should therefore take into account the potential impacts of ramp metering on driver acceleration behavior.     

Experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle

This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle. Tests were carried out under quasi-steady-state conditions, on a full-scale roller rig, and allowed to point out the effect of different parameters like the wheelset's angle of attack and the ratio between the vertical loads acting on the flanging and non-flanging wheels. On the basis of the test results, some existing derailment criteria are analysed in this paper and two new criteria are proposed. A model of wheel–rail contact is proposed for the mathematical modelling of the flange climb process, and numerical vs. experimental comparisons are used to obtain model validation.     

海上安全信息船舶收听率统计方法研究

通过对海岸电台覆盖范围内船舶接收安全信息情况的统计，可获知信息中心发布的信息资源的利用率，有利于工作人员选择合适的播发方式播发海上安全信息以获取更高的信息覆盖面。以统计学理论为基础建立了一种海上安全信息船舶收听率统计模型，并以实例进行分析，验证了所提模型的可靠性和实用价值。     

旧路改造期间运营安全评价

旧路改造期间不断交施工,交通量较大,应对其运营安全预先分析评价。通过对沿线设施预先危险性分析可知,危险因素等级均为Ⅱ级,并提出防范措施。通过对改建期运营预先危险性分析可知,危险因素中车辆伤害、起重伤害等级为Ⅲ级,对可能造成人员重大伤亡及设施严重破坏的灾难性事故,应立即采取防范对策。     

Real-time model predictive control of connected electric vehicles

ABSTRACT

Electric Vehicles (EVs) motors develop high torque at low speeds, resulting in a high rate of acceleration with the added advantage of being fitted with smaller gearboxes. However, a rapid rise of torque in EVs fitted with central drive powertrains can create undesired torsional oscillations, which are influenced by wheel slip and flexibility in the halfshaft. These torsional oscillations in the halfshaft lead to longitudinal oscillations in the vehicle, thus creating problems with regard to comfort and drivability. The significance of using wheel slip in addition to halfshaft torsion for design of anti-jerk controllers for EVs has already been highlighted in our previous research. In this research, we have designed a look-ahead model predictive controller (LA-MPC) that calculates the required motor torque demand to meet the dual objectives of increased traction and anti-jerk control. The designed LA-MPC will improve drivability and energy consumption in connected EVs. The real-time capability of the LA-MPC has been demonstrated through hardware-in-the-loop experiments. The performance of the LA-MPC has been compared to other controllers presented in the literature. A validated high-fidelity longitudinal-dynamics model of the Rav4EV, which is the test vehicle of our research has been used to evaluate the controller.     

建设项目交通影响费取值研究

随着对交通问题认识和研究的深入,交通影响分析的思想越来越受到国内交通规划学界和交通工程专家的重视。尤其是交通影响费的取值问题已越来越为专家学者和TIA工作者所关注,这是因为交通影响费是协调项目建设与交通之间关系、控制交通需求的有效手段。而如何根据中国的实际情况收取交通影响费始终是交通影响费理论研究和实际工作中需要解决的重点问题。该文在总结归纳目前国内外常用交通影响费取值方法的基础上,提出了适合我国的费用计算方法。在兼顾公平与效率的基础上,建立了交通影响费分摊优化模型,并以算例说明模型的应用方法。     

深基坑双排桩结构受力变形机理及其计算模型研究

近年来,为了适应国内城市地下工程建设蓬勃发展带来的地下工程密集化、复杂化等方面的需要,深基坑开挖时双排桩围护结构因具有侧向刚度大、控制变形能力强、施工快速等特点在各种大型深基坑工程中得到了较为广泛的推广和应用。但实际设计过程中,由于该结构的变形机理与计算模型尚未有统一的理论,其设计方法比较杂乱,存在一定程度的保守设计。依托南京梅子洲青奥城地下空间工程及其现场监测数据,采用有限元计算模型对近年来在地下工程中逐渐得到推广使用的双排桩围护结构的变形机理、土压力分布规律等进行探讨和研究;在此基础上,结合与目前广为应用的理正双排桩模型和新规范双排桩模型的对比分析,研究并提出更吻合实际的、精确反映结构变形和力学特性的双排桩围护结构的修正设计计算模型,该模型架构清晰,准确性高,贴近实际工程设计,可以大力推广应用于双排桩结构的计算分析。     

温度变化对粗粒硫酸盐渍土路基变形影响分析

粗粒硫酸盐渍土路基在环境温度变化下易出现盐胀、沉陷等变形问题，其对路基正常使用造成的影响不容忽视。针对此问题，依托伊朗德黑兰-库姆-伊斯法罕高速铁路项目，在施工现场选取试验段，开展路基温度、水分的长期监测，分析路基温度和含水率随时间的变化规律。在此基础上，利用自主设计的温度变化试验装置，采用现场路基填料，开展室内温度变化循环试验，对粗粒硫酸盐渍土的变形特性进行研究。结果表明：监测期间，试验段路基温度的敏感深度为0.22 m，深度为1.0 m以内的路基含水率变化较大；在9个周期的试验过程中，试样深度在20 cm范围内的温度和含水率随时间的变化更为显著，且随着试验温度的变化，试样温度的变化存在一定的滞后性；含盐量为1.5%的土样在第1，2次温度变化循环试验中表现为盐-冻胀变形，其最大盐-冻胀变形量为0.128 mm，而含盐量为3%的土样在前6次循环试验中均表现为盐-冻胀变形，其最大盐-冻胀变形量为0.232 mm；由于受到温度、冰盐相变、含盐量、土颗粒组成、试验周期等多重因素的影响，9个试验周期后，不同含盐量的试样最终均呈现沉陷变形，其中，含盐量为1.5%试样的最终沉陷变形量为0.585 mm，是含盐量为3%试样最终沉陷变形的5.42倍。该研究结果可为相关工程提供一定的技术参考和借鉴。