高速公路事故响应控制模式构建

为优化高速公路发生交通事故后的入口匝道调节率,以达到减缓交通拥挤、降低事故冲击的目的,对高速公路交通事故发生后的车流行为进行了研究,以车流行为改变引起的检测信号为基础,建立了控制所需的行为参数集;利用控制理论,构建了高速公路事故动态随机响应控制模式,并利用卡尔曼滤波和线性二次高斯方法求解,通过实例演算进行评析。研究结果表明:提出的控制模式与无控制和定时控制相比较,对中等流量具有较好的控制效果,对较高流量和较低流量具有一定的控制效果,对较高流量和中等流量下的通过率有一定的改善。该控制模式可运用于高速公路智能控制系统之中,提高事故条件下的道路交通服务水平。     

模糊逻辑推理在消除交通流诱导负效应中的应用

针对交通流诱导可能产生的负效应问题,提出了诱导负效应消除的原理和模糊逻辑推理方法。在原理设计中,考虑了出行者的出行行为对网络交通流分配的影响;在实现方法上,应用模糊推理技术对分流交通量进行了预测,并设计了路线交叉口信号灯配时方案调整的模糊控制算法,模拟结果验证了模糊逻辑推理技术的有效性。研究表明:交通流诱导负效应的产生主要是由于信息条件下的道路出行者路线选择行为的不确定性引起的,而且交通流诱导与控制同时进行是消除交通流诱导负效应产生的关键。     

降雨作用下高填土质路堤边坡的渗流稳定分析

针对现行的高填土质路堤边坡,基于饱和—非饱和渗流数学模型,设计了二维非稳定渗流程序,通过模拟因雨水入渗引起的暂态渗流场,分析土体中含水量、基质吸力的变化规律;采用等效粘聚力的概念,利用延伸的MOHR COULOMB破坏准则对路堤边坡进行了弹塑性有限元分析,进而得出路堤边坡在不同降雨时刻的安全系数;最后分析了降雨重现期、土参数φb和由路堤施工所引起的土体渗水性系数的各向异性对边坡渗流稳定的影响。     

A cross-country study of fairness and infringement on freedom as determinants of car owners' acceptance of road pricing

Jakobsson et al. (2000) found that in Sweden public acceptance of road pricing decreases if it is perceived to be unfair and to infringe on freedom. The present study reports a survey investigating whether the same effects are found in the Asian countries of Japan and Taiwan. The results indicate that fairness plays the same role. However, income had a direct effect on acceptance in Taiwan but not in Japan or Sweden.     

Bus Priority Using pre-signals

The need to provide efficient public transport services in urban areas has led to the implementation of bus priority measures in many congested cities. Much interest has recently centred on priority at signal controlled junctions, including the concept of pre-signals, where traffic signals are installed at or near the end of a with-flow bus lane to provide buses with priority access to the downstream junction. Although a number of pre-signals have now been installed in the U.K., particularly in London, there has been very little published research into their design, operation and optimisation. This paper addresses these points through the development of analytical procedures which allow pre-implementation evaluation of specific categories of pre-signals. The paper initially sets out three categories of pre-signal, which have different operating characteristics, different requirements for signalling and different impacts on capacity and delay. Key issues concerning signalling arrangements for these categories are then discussed, together with a summary of the analytical approach adopted and the assumptions required. Equations are developed to allow appropriate signal timings to be calculated for pre-signalised intersections. Further equations are then developed to enable delays to priority and non-priority traffic, with and without pre-signals, to be estimated with delay being taken here as the key performance criterion. The paper concludes with three application examples illustrating how the equations are applied and the impacts of pre-signals in different situations.The analyses confirm the potential benefits of pre-signals, where these signals apply to non-priority traffic only. Where buses are also subject to a pre-signal, it is shown that disbenefits to buses can often occur, unless bus detectors are used to gain priority signalling.     

北京城市交通发展战略研究

本文综合分析了北京城市交通现状，运用生产力布局的理论对北京城市交通拥堵的原因进行分析，探索了国内外大城市交通发展的最新趋势，根据发展“首都经济”的要求．提出解决北京城市交通拥堵问题，必须采取标本兼治，并提出北京城市交通发展战略研究的有关建议。.     

交通综合信息平台建设研究

建立一个基于GIS-T的交通综合信息平台。它能够接受、存储和处理多源异构数据．能够为各种应用子系统和公众提供良好的信息服务。同时，对平台的框架设计、功能构成以及平台实现的关键技术进行说明和分析。     

柔性桩与土相互作用非线性分析的增量传递矩阵法

对桩侧土采用非线性荷载传递函数,对桩端土采用线性荷载传递函数,同时考虑桩周土所分担的荷载对单桩荷载传递规律的影响,利用增量荷载传递矩阵法及微分方程的近似解法--子域法,推出了刚性承台下柔性桩与地基非线性相互作用的近似解析算式。为了验证该方法的可行性,通过试验将试验结果与有限元结果及该方法所得结果进行了对比,对比表明:该理论解与现场实测值、有限元计算值都非常接近。     

城市公交线网优化的线性模型

为了对现有公交线网进行优化,有效利用现有交通资源,解决城市交通问题,运用系统科学的思想,通过对城市公交线网优化的主要内容、优化原则、优化目标以及约束条件的分析,兼顾考虑乘客出行时间、公交线网密度和公交企业的利益以及公交线网的布局对整个城市的交通系统的影响,提出了优化目标的函数表达式及相应约束条件的数学表达式,建立了公交线网优化的线性模型,并给出了运用逐步筛选法对所提出的数学模型进行求解的方法。     

多年冻土地区路基冻胀变形分析

首先模拟气候因素变化过程,得到不同时期冻土路基温度场分布,温度场随时间的变化可以反映出冻结相变区的变化,然后考虑土体体积力和土体冻结相变产生的冻胀力,采用考虑拉破坏的热弹性力学方法,分析得到多年冻土地区路基变形分布和演变规律;在此基础上,对冻土路基纵向裂缝的成因进行研究,揭示出冻土路基纵向裂缝主要出现于路面中部及路面靠近路肩部位,这与实际情况是相符合的。进一步的分析表明:采用低冻胀性的土填筑路基,如采用碎石土填筑,对于降低冻土路基冻胀变形及防治纵向裂缝病害是有效的。