山区公路路侧安全定量化评价

路侧安全评价对提高路侧安全、减少道路交通事故具有重要意义。为实现路侧安全定量化评价,本文分析了影响路侧安全的三个不同层次影响因素：车辆驶出路外的可能性、暴露路侧危险环境的频率以及危险严重程度,在此基础上建立了路侧危险指数用于评价路侧安全。最后将该方法用于实际工程路侧安全评价,计算结果表明该方法合理有效,同时通过Kappa统计量验证表明不同评价者运用该方法的安全评价结果一致性较好。     

一级公路路侧干扰对运行速度的影响研究

为了提高一级公路的安全和运行效率,通过对中国多条一级公路的实地调查,将行驶于行车道的慢速车辆、路侧行人等统一按照路侧干扰进行考虑,从主观和客观2个方面分析路侧干扰对运行速度的影响,并给出了多个影响因素的权重,构造成为路侧干扰函数。研究结果表明:通过路侧干扰函数与主线运行速度的关系,可将路侧干扰划分为4个等级;运用统计学的基础原理对4个等级进行验证分析,得出了4个等级对应的推荐折减系数;建立了路侧干扰等级与主线运行速度之间关系模型。     

Port Decision Maker Perceptions on the Effectiveness of Climate Adaptation Actions

Effective adaptation to climate change impacts is rapidly becoming an important research topic. Hitherto, the perceptions and attitudes of stakeholders on climate adaptation actions are under researched, partly due to the emphasis on physical and engineering aspects during the adaptation planning process. Building on such considerations, the paper explores the perceptions of port decision makers on the effectiveness of climate adaptation actions. The findings suggest that while port decision makers are aware of potential climate change impacts and feel that more adaptation actions should be undertaken, they are skeptical about their effectiveness and value. This is complemented by a regional analysis on the results, suggesting that more tailor-made adaptation measures suited to local circumstances should be developed. The study illustrates the complexity of climate adaptation planning and of involving port decision makers under the current planning paradigm.     

Who uses smart card? Understanding public transport payment preference in developing contexts,a case study of Manila's LRT-1

The culture of “tingi-tingi” or sachet economy provides a strong backdrop to better understand the payment mode preference of the riding public in the Philippines. First, the use of single journey tickets (SJT) reflects the purchasing practices amongst the urban poor thereby affecting the promotion and uptake of public transport smart cards. Second, as a glocalization strategy, it can inform what, how, when, and why services that has global uptake can be tailored towards the realities of a differentiated, local market conditions.Categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA) is presented to determine the key variables explaining the likelihood of uptake of smart cards for public transport passengers in the Philippines. The Metro Manila Light Rail Transit Line 1 (LRT-1) presents an appropriate context to examine how the glocalization of smart cards can help improve the quality of public transport services, and to provide planning and policy recommendations on smart card uptake and integrated ticketing, with the end goal of improving public transport provision and management. LRT-1 alongside its change in management, also introduced a new smart card payment system. However, more than half continue to use single journey tickets.The model parameters are estimated using primary survey data collected from LRT-1 passengers. Transit smart card has been widely used around the world and effectively reduces waiting time for passengers who used to purchase paper tickets.The main results of the model reveal that: (1) only groups with high education background, stable income, or with stable job would likely to use smart card; (2) passengers with lower education level, lower income, or with unstable job prefer to use single journey ticket; and (3) the sachet economy is strongly associated with the purchasing practices amongst Filipinos, particularly the urban poor, hence may affect the promotion and uptake of public transit smart cards. These findings may inform changes to the introduction of alternative payment schemes and the planning of public transport policies that recognise the need for an effective glocalization strategy, paving the way towards improved public transport service and provision.     

基于非接触远程智能感知的桥梁形态监测试验

为进一步提高利用非接触式影像监测大型桥梁安全状态的精度与效率,实现结构健康监测系统兼有经济、可信且全息的技术理论优势,提出依据结构全息影像序列数据的非接触式机器视觉远程智能感知进行桥梁结构全息几何形态监测的方法。通过单机自动巡转桥梁立面动静影像全息监测系统试验装置获取试验桥在各损伤/作用工况下的原始动静影像数据,根据序列数据在时间、空间上具有强关联信息的特性,分别构建降噪及抗扰动单元、欧拉运动放大单元及运动信息提取单元进行全息几何形态测量,以历次试验监测数据为样本数据集,利用分层思想依次建立数据抽样和结构几何信息间映射的数学网络模型,经结构设计不断训练、调试与优化桥梁力学行为智能感知网络,最后获取试验桥在试验过程中的全息变形、全息变形包络谱、全息位移时程曲线。研究结果表明：该方法获得的数据与传统的常规接触式传感器实测值基本吻合,试验桥在各工况下的曲线变化趋势基本一致,全息变形测量值平均误差12.21%,全息变形包络谱测量值平均误差9.06%,全息位移时程曲线测量值平均误差8.55%,对环境规律噪声信号筛除效率为81.9%,基于非接触远程智能感知的桥梁形态监测真实、连续、敏感、较为准确地反映了结构在各损伤/作用工况下的真实形态变化,可为后续进一步研究结构状态演绎以及损伤智能化识别方法奠定基础。     

广西酒后驾驶干预项目调查结果分析

广西酒后驾驶干预项目是在广西南宁和柳州市开展的、针对酒后驾驶的专项干预项目,湖南长沙市为对照城市。文中介绍了干预前后在3市开展的酒后驾驶路边调查结果。32 101名司机接受了呼气酒精含量检测,32 097人接受了问卷调查。经过1 a的公众宣传和强化执法干预活动后,干预城市饮酒驾驶率明显降低,从6.8%降到了1.6%,酒后驾驶法定阈值知晓率明显上升,从14.7%上升到29.2%,被拦截检查过酒后驾驶的司机比例从21.5%上升到32.5%,而对照城市长沙的饮酒驾驶率从3.1%上升至4.4%,说明南宁、柳州两市干预活动取得了显著的效果。     

驾驶员道路认知特性模型

为了提供驾驶员车速控制模式建模所需的试验数据依据和评语隶属函数,采用模糊集合原理和模糊统计试验分析方法,研究了车辆驾驶员对道路结构和交通环境因素的安全性认知与评价思维过程。在实测226处国道二级公路典型路段道路结构数据基础上,根据对131处路段样本评价试验后得到的1 785组有效“专家”认知评语数据,得出了基于0.2-截集的各认知评语非零集和基于0.8-截集的各认知评语确定集,建立了车辆驾驶员对国道二级公路道路结构和交通环境要素的安全性模糊评价评语模糊子集和模拟计算模型。     

道路线形及路边环境引起的错觉动画模拟分析

道路错觉(视觉不良)路段,是最容易引起交通事故的危险地段.首先对道路错觉(视觉不良)危险路段进行了归类,并分析了各类错觉形成的主要原因;然后选择实例样本进行了简单形象的场景演示,据此分析了错觉对行车安全的影响;最后从建模与贴图、场景布置与运动轨迹控制、渲染与合成等方面介绍了运用3dsmax进行动画制作的基本步骤和方法.     

山区一般公路路侧危险度划分方法研究

通过对山区一般公路路侧地形状况与车辆冲出路外事故伤亡情况关系的研究,提出了路侧危险度的概念,并给出了路侧危险度等级划分的量化计算办法。路侧危险度等级的合理划分为准确确定路侧危险状况,合理设置不同等级的安全护栏提供了依据．进而有效提高山区一般公路的安全水平。     

出口梗阻型便秘的动力障碍分型诊断新策略

目的研究出口梗阻型便秘(outlet obstructive constipation,OOC)患者肛门直肠动力和感觉功能监测,探讨肛肠动力监测值对OOC的动力障碍分型诊断及指导治疗的实际临床价值。方法通过肛管直肠动力学和感觉功能监测系统检测200例符合RomeⅢ诊断标准的OOC患者及50名健康人(对照组)的肛管直肠动力学和感觉功能监测相关指标,分别分析肛门直肠压力指标和感觉功能监测指标,观察肛肠动力学和感觉功能改变对OOC的动力障碍分型诊断及治疗上的指导作用。同时对比分析OOC患者与对照组的动力和感觉功能相关指标。结果 200例OOC患者肛门直肠动力正常84例,异常116例(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型分别为64、38、14例);Ⅱ型组肛门静息压明显低于对照组、Ⅰ型组和Ⅲ型组(P<0.05)。200例OOC患者中,76例直肠感觉功能正常,124例患者异常。OOC组感知阈值与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。OOC组患者直肠静息压、肛管静息压、肛管最大收缩压和肛管括约肌的长度与正常对照相比均无明显的差异,但松弛压OOC组患者高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论肛门直肠动力和感觉功能测定对OOC的动力障碍分型诊断及选择正确的治疗方法提供了依据,对临床具有很重要的实际意义。