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为了从服务学的视角准确考量公交系统运行服务的质量,本文基于交通调查和系统采集数据,通过统计分析解析了公交系统运行服务的过程和出行者出行的内在特性;基于对出行策略的定义,分析了出行者出行对时间、成本与体能消耗三方面的预算对其出行决策的影响;探讨了公交运行服务质量评价的系统边界,以价值、能耗与信息为基本维度,提出了评价公交运行服务质量的三维体系架构;最后分析提出三大预算对于从公交出行生理因素和心理过程两个基础层面揭示出行行为机理,是从乘客对服务感知视角对公交运行服务质量进行评价的更为客观有效的手段.     

城市智能停车管理系统研究

随着城市化进程的不断加快和机动车保有量的迅速增加,停车问题日益成为影响城市交通可持续发展的瓶颈.为了提高停车管理水平,进行智能停车管理系统的研究与建设势在必行.针对智能停车管理系统,本文系统的阐述了该系统国内外的发展现状,分析了部分现有系统的优缺点,指出了未来城市智能停车管理系统的发展趋势.以系统整合为前提,重点研究了智能停车系统的主要功能,并提出了系统的逻辑架构、物理架构、系统组成和功能实现的技术方法.该系统为解决城市停车问题提供了1种可靠途径,并能有效利用现有的停车设施,做到停车资源的充分利用与共享.      

区分障碍物特性的客车乘客疏散模型与分析

近年来,疏散性能评估已成为客车车厢设施布局及设计流程中的必要环节.考虑狭长通道下障碍物特性对人员疏散影响显著,引入感知域概念,刻画疏散人员翻越座椅等行为决策特性;进一步引入一类多值函数扩充元胞状态集合,量化障碍物的可翻越特性,建立障碍物模型,模拟紧急状态下人员无序疏散行为;为对模型结果验证分析,建立基本模型,构建其与AnyLogic®均可模拟的基本场景,在此场景下对二者模拟结果交叉验证.模拟分析结果及结论是,移动规则合理有效,结合障碍物模型并考虑可翻越障碍物影响的模拟结果是可信的;发现N k O -tk evac 曲线与此情形下的疏散动画具有一定的时空关联性,可为车体设计提供进一步参考;此外,随疏散人员感知域的增大,疏散时间逐渐减小.     

基于激光雷达的无人驾驶车前方障碍物检测

无人驾驶车在越野条件下的环境感知技术是其实现自主导航功能的难题.由于越野环境复杂,障碍物种类繁多,对智能车周围环境的探测更是难上加难.选择越野环境下几种典型的障碍物作为检测目标,采用基于激光雷达面扫描的方法获取无人驾驶车前方路面图像信息,根据障碍物对于激光数据的不同特征,检测无人驾驶车前方静止的障碍物,主要包括水塘、石头或陡坡以及树木等.利用激光可直接测得障碍物距离数据的优势,基于投影变换原理进而求得障碍物的长、宽或高等三维信息.     

非公路自卸汽车外形设计与视觉效果研究

在完形心理学和视知觉理论基础上研究了非公路自卸汽车的视觉效果规律;将辅助线法应用于非公路自卸汽车视觉效果的量化分析;在对车型视觉效果分析中发现轮胎的直径是外形设计的一个关键因素,提出了基于轮胎直径的模度序列构造方法,此方法可应用于非公路自卸汽车外形设计。     

城市道路粉尘、土壤及行道树的重金属污染特征

为了减轻汽车行驶导致的城市道路重金属污染。采用污染指数法分析、评价东京城市道路粉尘、行道树表层土壤的重金属污染特征。掌握道路受重金属污染的状况。探讨行道树树叶对重金属的捕获能力及树种间的差异．结果表明。东京市区道路粉尘的重金属浓度随交通量的增加而上升，且与道路土壤相比。道路粉尘的重金属浓度高．以Pb为代表的汽车污染在东京有减轻的趋势。但是仍然较高，说明Pb污染长期存在；而且。因尾气净化系统中使用Pt。从而引起Pt污染．行道树树叶的重金属浓度比对照点同树种的浓度高。不同树种浓度差异较大。杜鹃花蓄积重金属的能力强．因此，栽植蓄积重金属能力强的树种。可以在一定程度上控制重金属污染的扩散．     

基于顾客感知满意度的机场竞争力评价模型

机场作为典型服务型行业的窗口,顾客体验感知是联接机场战略和绩效的关键环节,因此将顾客感知满意度嵌入机场竞争力的研究范式,转换机场竞争力研究的传统视角,以顾客感知满意度驱动因素和驱动结果为框架,基于可达性感知、频率感知、便利感知、效率感知、服务感知,构建了基于顾客满意度的机场竞争力评价模型。运用偏最小二乘法,通过对南京禄口机场的调查分析,证实该模型适用于小样本及数据有偏分布的实际情形,发现禄口机场竞争力总体水平一般,顾客的服务感知亟待改善。实证表明该评价模型,消除了传统机场竞争力指标过于宏观的弊端,能够通过模型路径系数图和顾客满意度指数对评价指标进行量化,避免了多元回归等传统分析方法的不足,有效鉴别机场竞争力的短板所在。     

双车道公路路侧危险级别的安全影响分析

将路侧危险等级分成第1层路侧危险度和实际路侧危险度2个层次,针对路侧环境对安全影响问题进行了分析,包括全部事故、碰撞事故、追尾事故、路侧事故和事故死伤情况等。分析结果表明,不同层次的路侧危险度对碰撞事故、追尾事故和路侧事故影响特征基本一致,但趋势度有所差别,对全部事故和事故死伤情况的影响结果相反。     

Multiclass fuzzy user equilibrium with endogenous membership functions and risk‐taking behaviors

Over the last decades, several approaches have been proposed in the literature to incorporate users' perceptions of travel costs, their bounded rationality, and risk‐taking behaviors into network equilibrium modeling for traffic assignment problem. While theoretically advanced, these models often suffer from high complexity and computational cost and often involve parameters that are difficult to estimate. This study proposes an alternative approach where users' imprecise perceptions of travel times are endogenously constructed as fuzzy sets based on the probability distributions of random link travel times. Two decision rules are proposed accordingly to account for users' heterogeneous risk‐taking behaviors, that is, optimistic and pessimistic rules. The proposed approach, namely, the multiclass fuzzy user equilibrium, can be formulated as a link‐based variational inequality model. The model can be solved efficiently, and parameters involved can be either easily estimated or treated as factors for calibration against observed traffic flow data. Numerical examples show that the proposed model can be solved efficiently even for a large‐scale network of Mashhad, Iran, with 2538 links and 7157 origin–destination pairs. The example also illustrates the calibration capability of the proposed model, highlighting that the model is able to produce much more accurate flow estimates compared with the Wardropian user equilibrium model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Empirical analysis of hazard perception and driving behaviors among high school and college students on motorcycles in Phnom Penh,Cambodia

In Cambodia, motorcycle use has spread rapidly in recent years, and serious accidents involving motorcycles have increased. Motorcycle accidents involving young people are particularly common, and there are various issues concerning traffic safety. To understand the situation in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, we conducted a questionnaire survey on driving attitude and behavior of motorcycle users targeted at high school and college students and a video observation survey of motorcycle driving conditions. Based on the survey analysis results, we held a traffic safety workshop (WS) comprising practical skills and classroom learning centered on hazard anticipation. In this study, we conducted a statistical comparative analysis of driving behavior frequency on non-intersection intervals of arterial roads before and after the WS, based on observational results from video cameras mounted on motorcycles. The results showed that the WS effects were associated with a reduction in average travel speeds and changes in driving behavior, such as frequency of lane changing. Different responses to the WS were observed according to attributes, and thus, the relationship between the content of this kind of traffic safety WS and behavioral changes needs to be clarified and a more advanced traffic safety WS program developed.