基于曲率感知的高速公路隧道弯道路段调控方法研究

为定量分析高速公路隧道弯道路段不同半径条件下,线形诱导标志和反光环对驾驶员曲率感知的影响,基于室内仿真试验,选取20 名驾驶员作为被试,分别测量驾驶员在不同试验场景条件下的弯道错觉程度,并对试验数据展开分析。试验结果表明: 1)采用线形诱导标志的隧道弯道视线诱导方法,驾驶员弯道错觉表现为高估弯道半径,且仅在半径为200~400 m 条件下,具有较好的诱导效果,弯道错觉程度小于7%;同时,驾驶员的弯道错觉程度与隧道弯道半径显著正相关,与线形诱导标志的可见个数显著负相关。2)采用反光环的隧道弯道视线诱导方法,驾驶员的弯道错觉程度仅与反光环的可见个数存在显著负相关,且随着可见反光环布设个数的增多(4~6 个),会导致驾驶员低估半径的错觉程度过大(>-20%),不利于驾驶员安全行车。3)在隧道弯道路段(200~1 800 m),当可见反光环为3 个时,不同半径下的弯道错觉程度均小于布设线形诱导标志的方案(小于5%)。因此,采用在隧道弯道路段布设3 个可见反光环的方法更有利于提高驾驶员的曲率感知能力。     

Toward the betterment of risk allocation: Investigating risk perceptions of Australian stakeholder groups to public-private-partnership tollroad projects

This paper presents a qualitative assessment of the risk perceptions held by key Australian stakeholder groups in the context of tollroads operated under the public-private-partnership model. The findings confirm that experience accumulated in recent years has contributed toward the betterment of risk-sharing optimisation amongst the contracting parties. The knowledge acquired through in-depth interviews supports the common view that equitable risk sharing is the vital ingredient of value for money. The proposition that the private sector is better equipped to manage commercial risks involving economic decision making whilst risks that have embedded unquantifiable social and public values and those in the domain of public governance are best left with government alone, appears to be replete with refutable implications. Public perception is a malleable concept and should be managed by both sectors.     

路侧宽容性边沟形式选择与设计研究

路侧边沟在形式选择与设计中,往往关注其功能性,忽略其安全性。边沟形式的选择、断面尺寸的确定存在着"传统化"和"标准化"现象。分析了宽容性边沟形式及其适应性,然后结合工程实例进行研究,选取具体工程典型路段进行了边沟水力计算,且通过选用不同形式的边沟进行计算比较。研究表明,边沟形式的选择不应只依据排水的要求,还要结合路侧地形地貌、路基填挖高度以及对行车安全等方面灵活选取,体现宽容设计理念。     

公路网规划中关于城镇化问题的思考

公路交通可以有效地引导和促进城镇化的发展,在规划公路网的时候,一定要动态的、全局的考虑城镇化的发展规律。在满足公路交通需求的同时,要尽可能减少过境交通对未来城镇市内交通的干扰,最好采用切线方式连接公路和小城镇。在规划城镇路边建筑的时候也要尽量减少对公路的干扰,建议采用平行的和纵深发展的辅路的方法连接路边建筑和公路,减少了对公路的干扰,并且有利于新城镇的规划建设。     

道路线形及路边环境引起的错觉动画模拟分析

道路错觉(视觉不良)路段,是最容易引起交通事故的危险地段.首先对道路错觉(视觉不良)危险路段进行了归类,并分析了各类错觉形成的主要原因;然后选择实例样本进行了简单形象的场景演示,据此分析了错觉对行车安全的影响;最后从建模与贴图、场景布置与运动轨迹控制、渲染与合成等方面介绍了运用3dsmax进行动画制作的基本步骤和方法.     

公路野生动物通道研究进展

通过文献分析、类比分析、专家咨询等方法，从公路对野生动物的影响、野生动物通道的类型和案例分析、野生动物通道标准规范三个方面分别对国内外公路野生动物通道发展水平进行梳理，初步提出我国公路野生动物通道标准体系框架，包括：总体要求，兽类动物通道，两栖类动物通道，爬行类动物通道及不同动物地理分区的动物通道。在此基础上，提出加强我国公路野生动物通道研究的对策建议，包括：（1）依托野外站点，开展基础研究；（2）加强公路野生动物通道的技术研发；（3）加强技术成果推广应用与示范，形成标准化文件；（4）实施重点公路工程野生动物通道建设。     

基于韧性理论的盾构隧道智能建造北大核心CSCD

以盾构隧道为主的城市轨道交通在"十三五"期间已取得了跨越式的进步,盾构掘进设备在智能化方面取得了飞速发展,但隧道结构设计、结构制造和现场管片拼装的智能化方面,仍需要大的创新与突破。面对建设韧性智慧城市的战略目标,盾构隧道还存在系列问题亟需解决,如对于新材料的物性认识浅、理论少;传感的布置缺乏针对性,监测感知差;隧道管片拼装大量依靠人工,误差大。解决这些问题的关键在于构建一个基于韧性理论的智能化盾构隧道建造系统,通过利用材料和结构的韧性特点,结合计算机等信息技术,采用韧性设计、智能感知、智能制造、智能拼装等一系列措施,使得隧道结构中的材料可智能感知、结构可精准监测、数据可实时孪生、信息可高效管理、制造可自动操控、过程可全域感知、模型可动态调节、管片可智能拼装,最终实现韧性城市的盾构隧道智能化建设。     

Expert versus lay perception of the risks of motor vehicle-generated air pollution

We explore whether experts’ perceptions of risk differ systematically from those of the public. To do so, we examine whether experts and non-experts make different location decisions in response to ground-level ozone pollution, one of the byproducts of motorized transportation. Physicians are experts in the field of health, and thus may differ from their lay neighbors in their knowledge of and attitude toward pollution and its health risks. If so, it is possible that they value locations with cleaner air differently than their neighbors do. Here we use hedonic price models based on willingness to bear housing and commute burdens to examine the differential valuation of clean air by doctors and laypeople in the Los Angeles region between 1980 and 2000. We find no evidence that doctors are more or less more willing than comparable lay residents to trade off time or money to live in cleaner-air neighborhoods.     

Changes in transport risk perception in urban populations in Norway from 2004 to 2013

Urban populations transport risk perception is interesting because it is associated with travel mode choices and use. This study investigates changes in transport-related risk constructs in the urban population in Norway in 2004 and 2013, and describes whether people perceive private or public to be associated with the highest risk. The results are based on self-completion questionnaire surveys conducted in two independent representative samples living in the same urban areas in 2004 (n?=?592) and 2013 (n?=?1035). Overall, the respondents perceived the risk as lower in 2013 than in 2004. For both time periods, people consistently assessed the risk constructs related to private motorized transportation as higher than corresponding risk in public transportation. The findings suggest that while transportation risk perception in urban populations may change over time, the pattern that private motorized transportation is associated with a higher perceived risk than public transportation remains stable.     

植被碳汇计算方法在路域生态系统的应用前景

通过对模型模拟法、现场实测法、遥感估算法、通量观测法四种主要的陆地生态系统植被碳汇计算方法的归纳、总结,对比分析了四种方法的优缺点.在分析路域生态系统特点的基础上,探讨了四种植被碳汇计算方法在路域生态系统中应用的可行性.结果表明:四种植被碳汇计算方法在路域生态系统的应用具备一定的可行性,但是需要根据环境特点、公路特征和研究目的进行合理选择、调整和组合.然而,目前尚缺乏应用案例,实证研究亟待加强.因此,针对研究现状,对交通行业今后的植被碳汇研究工作提出了建议,以期为我国公路路域植被碳汇计算及相关研究提供有益的借鉴.