平地上高速列车的风致安全特性

为研究高速列车在强侧风作用下安全行驶问题,基于空气动力学和多体系统动力学理论,建立了高速列车空气动力学模型和车辆系统动力学模型.应用该模型计算了不同风向角、不同风速和不同车速下作用于车体上的侧风气动载荷.根据高速列车整车试验规范,以脱轨系数、轮重减载率、轮轴横向力和轮轨垂向力为运行安全指标,分析了头车、中间车和尾车的运行安全性.研究表明:头车的安全性最差,且风向角为90°时,横风情况下最危险.随着车速的增大,最大安全风速急剧减小.当车速为200km/h时,最大安全风速为29.61 m/s;当车速为400 km/h时,最大安全风速为18.87m/s.     

不同攻角时等高型陷落腔流激振荡特性研究

针对均匀流场中三维等高型陷落腔因分离流而产生的流激振荡问题开展了系列的实验研究。实验过程中分别考虑了来流攻角为0°和15°时、雷诺数变化范围(Re=2.06.105～1.16.106)时三维等高型陷落腔的流激振荡特性。实验中分别测量了三维腔体侧壁周向及垂向流体压力,在分析腔体内稳态压力和脉动压力的周向、垂向分布规律及腔口剪切层自持振荡特性的基础上,研究了攻角对流体压力分布和剪切层振荡频率特性的影响。实验结果表明:均匀流场中三维陷落腔内部压力分布复杂且当雷诺数大于某值时腔体内稳态压力全都呈现出负压,同时来流攻角的增加使腔口导边、随边和腔体内稳态压力明显地减小,顶流点处的稳态压力随相对高度增加先减小后增大。攻角的增加使剪切层振荡频率减小,但并未影响剪切层振频无量纲St数随流速的变化规律。     

进气道气流折转角度对压气机进口流场均匀性影响

以燃气轮机进气竖井转折角度变化对压气机进口速度场均匀性影响为出发点.建立了七个不同进气转折角的进气道模型,采用数值模拟的方法,从进气流场均匀性和进气阻力两个方面对不同模型进行计算分析,得到了进气竖井气流折转角度的变化对于压气机进口流场均匀性的影响规律,以及对整个流场的阻力特性的影响.研究成果为设计制造高性能的船用燃气轮机进气道提供比较可靠的依据.     

列车测速仪弹簧断裂的原因分析

地铁列车测速仪弹簧断裂现象比较频繁,严重影响列车在正线上的正常运行。详细分析了列车测速仪弹簧断裂的原因并提出了可行的改进方法。     

A fundamental investigation of tilt control systems for narrow commuter vehicles

One way of addressing traffic congestion is by efficiently utilizing the existing highway infrastructure. Narrow tilting vehicles that need a reduced width lane can be part of the solution if they can be designed to be safe, stable, and easy to operate. In this paper, a control system that stabilizes the tilt mode of such a vehicle without affecting the handling of the vehicle is proposed. This control system is a combination of two different types of control schemes known as steering tilt control (STC) and direct tilt control (DTC) systems. First, different existing variations of both STC and DTC systems are considered and their shortcomings analysed. Modified control schemes are then suggested to overcome the deficiencies. Then a new method of integrating these two control schemes that guarantees smooth switchover between the controllers as a function of vehicle velocity is proposed. The performance of the proposed STC, DTC, and integrated systems is evaluated by carrying out simulations for different operating conditions and some experimental work. The design of a second-generation narrow tilting vehicle on which the developed control system has been implemented is presented.     

土体中应力分布基本规律的探讨

基于土体的颗粒结构和只有颗粒接触传递应力的特性，对不同姿态颗粒接触中应力传递的机理分析，揭示了土体在相对静态下存在主动力的应力扩散效应和强被动力的应力集中效应，及其形成的土体中应力分布基本规律。主动力的应力场是以其所在土层的应力扩散角θ向外扩散的园锥形应力范围，在应力场内应力扩散分布，主应力方向不变，且伴有与之垂直的法向应力，应力分布均衡了应力场内颗粒和支承面的位移趋势。强被动力的支承面上存在以θ角向外扩散倒锥台形的应力平衡范围，在此范围内反向应力集中作用到强支承面，强支承面主导了其所在应力场的应力分布。土拱效应是应力集中效应的衍生效应，是相邻的同向强支承反力的应力平衡范围发生重迭时产生的现象。     

双螺旋折流板换热器最佳螺旋角的研究

为了研究换热器的传热性能与双螺旋折流板换热器的螺旋角的关系，通过建立多个不同螺旋角的管壳式换热器模型，运用数值计算的技术手段对其进行模拟，并对其数值模拟结果进行对比分析。结果表明：双螺旋折流板换热器存在最佳螺旋角使得换热器的换热性能最优。相同换热器结构的条件下，壳程进口流量对双螺旋折流板换热器的最佳螺旋角没有影响。随着壳径的增大，双螺旋折流板式换热器的最佳螺旋角有下降趋势。     

Influence of uneven rail irregularities on the dynamic response of the railway track using a three-dimensional model of the vehicle–track system

A mathematical model of the vehicle–track interaction is developed to investigate the coupled behaviour of vehicle–track system, in the presence of uneven irregularities at left/right rails. The railway vehicle is simplified as a 3D multi-rigid-body model, and the track is treated as the two parallel beams on a layered discrete support system. Besides the car-body, the bogies and the wheel sets, the sleepers are assumed to have roll degree of freedom, in order to simulate the in-plane rotation of the components. The wheel–rail interface is treated using a nonlinear Hertzian contact model, coupling the mathematical equations of the vehicle–track systems. The dynamic interaction of the entire system is numerically studied in time domain, employing Newmark's integration method. The track irregularity spectra of both the left/right rails are taken into account, as the inputs of dynamic excitations. The dynamic responses of the track system induced by such irregularities are obtained, particularly in terms of the vertical (bounce) and roll displacements. The numerical model of the present research is validated using several benchmark models reported in the literature, for both the smooth and unsmooth track conditions. Four sample profiles of the measured rail irregularities are considered as the case studies of excitation sources, examining their influences on the dynamic behaviour of the coupled system. The results of numerical simulations demonstrate that the motion of track system is significantly influenced by the presence of uneven irregularities in left/right rails. Dynamic response of the sleepers in the roll direction becomes more sensitive to the rail irregularities, as the unevenness severity of the parallel profiles (quantitative difference between left and right rail spectra) is increased. The severe geometric deformation of the track in the bounce–pitch–roll directions is mainly related to such profile unevenness (cross-level) in left/right rails.     

矩形截面钢筋混凝土拉扭构件的极限强度

本文依据８根拉扭构件和３根作为对比的纯扭构件的试验结果，按变角空间桁架模型推导出拉扭构件极限强度的计算公式。公式合理地考虑了轴拉力对拉扭构件极限强度的影响作用。概念明确，计算简便。