Dynamic behaviour of a high-speed train hydraulic yaw damper

This paper focuses on revealing the dynamic behaviour of a hydraulic yaw damper under very small excitation conditions. First, the measured yaw damper movement is presented when a train experiences unstable motions. It shows that the yaw damper is characterized by very small harmonic movement between 0.5 and 2?mm. Following this, a simplified physical model of the yaw damper is developed which has the ability to reproduce its dynamic performance in the range of operating conditions, and then suitably validated with experimental results. At last, the dynamic behaviour of the yaw damper under very small amplitudes is investigated by comparing with its static behaviour, and the dynamic stiffness and damping in terms of key parameters are studied. It is concluded that there is a great difference in the damper performance between dynamic and static conditions which is caused by the internal damper flexibility under small amplitudes. The percentage of entrapped air in oil, rubber attachment stiffness, and leakage flow have a great effect on the dynamic behaviour of the yaw damper related to the dynamic stiffness and damping. The effect is even more remarkable for smaller amplitudes regarding the dissolved air in oil. Oil leakage has a greater impact on dynamic damping than dynamic stiffness. The series stiffness of the yaw damper is mainly provided by the spring effect of the oil when the rubber attachment stiffness reached a certain limit, and an additional increase in rubber attachment stiffness becomes useless to further enhance the overall stiffness of the damper.     

High-frequency random vibration analysis of a high-speed vehicle–track system with the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads using a hybrid SEM–SM method

A hybrid Spectral Element Method (SEM)–Symplectic Method(SM) method for high-efficiency computation of the high-frequency random vibrations of a high-speed vehicle–track system with the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads is presented. First, the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) formula and Fractional Derivative Zener (FDZ) model were, respectively, applied for prediction and representation of the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of Vossloh 300 rail pads frequently used in China's high-speed railway. Then, the proposed hybrid SEM–SM method was used to investigate the influence of the frequency-dependent dynamic performance of Vossloh 300 rail pads on the high-frequency random vibrations of high-speed vehicle–track systems at various train speeds or different levels of rail surface roughness. The experimental results indicate that the storage stiffness and loss factors of Vossloh 300 rail pad increase with the decrease in dynamic loads or the increase in preloads within 0.1–10,000?Hz at 20°C, and basically linearly increase with frequency in a logarithmic coordinate system. The results computed by the hybrid SEM–SM method demonstrate that the frequency-dependent viscous damping of Vossloh 300 rail pads, compared with its constant viscous damping and frequency-dependent stiffness, has a much more conspicuous influence on the medium-frequency (i.e. 20–63?Hz) random vibrations of car bodies and rail fasteners, and on the mid- (i.e. 20–63?Hz) and high-frequency (i.e. 630–1250?Hz) random vibrations of bogies, wheels and rails, especially with the increase in train speeds or the deterioration of rail surface roughness. The two sensitive frequency bands can also be validated by frequency response function (FRF) analysis of the proposed infinite rail–fastener model. The mid and high frequencies influenced by the frequency-dependent viscous damping of rail pads are exactly the dominant frequencies of ground vibration acceleration and wheel rolling noise caused by high-speed railways, respectively. Even though the existing time-domain (or frequency-domain) finite track models associated with the time-domain (or frequency-domain) fractional derivative viscoelastic (FDV) models of rail pads can also be used to reach the same conclusions, the hybrid SEM–SM method in which only one element is required to compute the high-order vibration modes of infinite rail is more appropriate for high-efficiency analysis of the high-frequency random vibrations of high-speed vehicle–track systems.     

Locomotive dynamic performance under traction/braking conditions considering effect of gear transmissions

Traction or braking operations are usually applied to trains or locomotives for acceleration, speed adjustment, and stopping. During these operations, gear transmission equipment plays a very significant role in the delivery of traction or electrical braking power. Failures of the gear transmissions are likely to cause power loses and even threaten the operation safety of the train. Its dynamic performance is closely related to the normal operation and service safety of the entire train, especially under some emergency braking conditions. In this paper, a locomotive–track coupled vertical–longitudinal dynamics model is employed with considering the dynamic action from the gear transmissions. This dynamics model enables the detailed analysis and more practical simulation on the characteristics of power transmission path, namely motor–gear transmission–wheelset–longitudinal motion of locomotive, especially for traction or braking conditions. Multi-excitation sources, such as time-varying mesh stiffness and nonlinear wheel–rail contact excitations, are considered in this study. This dynamics model is then validated by comparing the simulated results with the experimental test results under braking conditions. The calculated results indicate that involvement of gear transmission could reveal the load reduction of the wheelset due to transmitted forces. Vibrations of the wheelset and the motor are dominated by variation of the gear dynamic mesh forces in the low speed range and by rail geometric irregularity in the higher speed range. Rail vertical geometric irregularity could also cause wheelset longitudinal vibrations, and do modulations to the gear dynamic mesh forces. Besides, the hauling weight has little effect on the locomotive vibrations and the dynamic mesh forces of the gear transmissions for both traction and braking conditions under the same running speed.     

基于广义预测控制的船舶动力定位约束控制

鉴于广义预测控制(GPC)方法能用同一方式处理设备和安全约束,且具有较强的抗扰动能力,提出了一种基于GPC的船舶动力定位约束控制器设计方法。运用前馈控制器克服风力扰动的影响,且所产生的前馈量被用来实时修正推力约束,在修正后的推力约束下滚动优化GPC。对承受风、浪、流扰动的某供应船,采用提出的方法设计控制器,并进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器抗扰动能力较强,能完成对船舶的动力定位约束控制。     

船舶空调负荷动态与稳态算法比较与分析

基于热反应系数法,重点考虑太阳辐射和航速的影响,构建了船舶空调动态负荷计算模型。以某远洋航线的典型工况,选取船舶居住舱室为研究对象,应用动态和稳态方法,分别计算分析了其空调负荷变化规律。结果表明,动态算法得出的围壁传热、窗户得热、人员和照明散热冷负荷、新风冷负荷、舱室总冷负荷仅分别为稳态算法数值的45.4%、35.2%、40.2%、39.7%和40.6%,用动态负荷计算模型可以实时掌握船舶空调负荷变化规律。     

基于C#的船舶焊接物量定额系统研究

造船企业目前焊接物量统计和计划主要凭借经验来估计,导致焊材管理混乱,浪费严重,造船成本增加,针对这种情况研究出焊接物量定额系统,系统运用C#为开发工具,My SQL为后台数据库管理工具,实现了焊接物量定额的动态公式设定的功能,该动态公式针对不同船厂的焊接实际消耗情况来修正理论焊接物量,提高了系统的灵活性及实用性,为今后船厂的焊接管理和计划安排奠定基础,节约造船成本,从而达到精益造船的目标。     

水下转塔生产系统解脱过程中的水动力特性研究

考虑到南海的恶劣海况对系统立管以及锚链的水动力作用,通过数值计算与Orcaflex模拟了水下转塔生产系统在解脱过程中的动态响应,并分析了恶劣海况对系统解脱过程中各参数的影响,所得结果对水下转塔生产系统的实际应用具有指导性意义。     

大管桩沉桩过程中桩头破损原因及对策

预应力混凝土大直径管桩具有强度大、承载力强等性能,常应用于海洋与海岸工程的桩基结构。但是在沉桩施工过程中,常出现桩头破损的情况。结合工程实例介绍大管桩沉桩过程中出现桩头破损的原因及对策。     

定位桩式游艇码头在波浪及靠泊作用下的动力响应

游艇码头在国内是一种较新的结构形式,为便于上下游艇,游艇码头为浮动式结构,定位桩是应用较多的一种锚固形式。由于全直桩情况下水平荷载引起的位移较大,浮码头自身质量又较小,在受到简谐波浪荷载或船舶靠泊撞击的冲击荷载时,易引起码头结构的动力响应,从而增加了定位桩的内力、降低了结构安全性。在强迫动力响应理论基础上,结合有限元的方法分析定位桩式游艇码头在波浪荷载及靠泊撞击力下的动力响应,并推导出适合游艇码头结构段使用的简化计算方法,为设计工作提供了依据。     

深层真空振击法吹填软土现场试验研究

结合实际工程进行深层真空振击法加固吹填软土的现场试验,主要对土体的Ps值、含水率、压实度、塑性指数、颗粒级配和地基承载力等物理力学指标进行测试。通过对加固前后这些数据的对比分析研究地基土的强度增长特性。经过处理,吹填土的地基承载力及压实度达到了设计要求。证明该方法的可行性与实用性,说明该方法在吹填软土地基处理方面具有广阔的应用前景。