大断面隧道高压富水变质岩地层及构造带灾害处理技术——以旧堡隧道为例

旧堡隧道地处区域性构造交汇部位,地层为古老的太古界变质岩,岩石因受多期地质构造运动作用,断裂构造极为发育。隧道地下水发育且部分地段存在承压水,在施工过程中,针对掌子面突水涌碴、开挖面坍塌,采取架设临时仰拱和临时挡墙措施,加固绕避; 针对初期支护大变形、二次衬砌开裂等情况,采取超前注浆、超前大管棚和双层初期支护等措施,确保隧道衬砌结构安全; 针对隧道地下水发育情况,采用排水型防水板、边墙增设碎石盲沟并增加泄水洞等措施,确保隧道运营安全。     

TBM及其施工技术在中国的发展与趋势

自1964年开始,中国TBM设备研制与施工应用已有50余年,回顾总结TBM设备及施工技术的发展历程和趋势,对于认识把握TBM行业现状和未来发展方向有着重要意义。文章首先列举了国际TBM发展的重大事件; 之后分4个阶段梳理国内TBM发展历史,结合具体工程实例描述当时国内TBM研发、引入、施工和制造的历史事实,总结半个世纪来国内TBM行业从无到有所取得的巨大成就; 最后综合分析TBM市场需求、研制环境、施工水平和未来方向,并针对以上不足之处,预测了TBM未来发展趋势,提出一些改进建议。     

严寒地区TBM皮带机冬季施工的研究与应用

连续皮带机出渣系统具有输送能力强、运量大、安全、环保和自动化程度高等特点,已经广泛应用于TBM隧道施工,但在严寒地区存在冬季施工故障率高的问题。为了解决此难题,保障TBM正常施工,在辽西北供水工程中通过安装保温棚,对整条皮带机进行保温; 在皮带机两端接渣、出渣特殊位置铺设保温被,加强其保温能力; 在保温棚内部尤其是关键部位安装暖风机,进行加温供暖等方面的研究。解决了严寒地区冬季洞外皮带机防冻领域的技术难题,保证了TBM的顺利施工,取得了在严寒地区的皮带机冬季施工经验,以期为类似工程提供借鉴。     

Estimation of road profile variability from measured vehicle responses

When assessing the statistical variability of fatigue loads acting throughout the life of a vehicle, the question of the variability of road roughness naturally arises, as both quantities are strongly related. For car manufacturers, gathering information on the environment in which vehicles evolve is a long and costly but necessary process to adapt their products to durability requirements. In the present paper, a data processing algorithm is proposed in order to estimate the road profiles covered by a given vehicle, from the dynamic responses measured on this vehicle. The algorithm based on Kalman filtering theory aims at solving a so-called inverse problem, in a stochastic framework. It is validated using experimental data obtained from simulations and real measurements. The proposed method is subsequently applied to extract valuable statistical information on road roughness from an existing load characterisation campaign carried out by Renault within one of its markets.     

中小跨径公路混凝土简支梁桥冲击系数研究及建议取值

为弥补中国现行桥梁规范中计算动力冲击系数时考虑因素单一的不足,对冲击系数的影响因素进行研究,并提出更合理的冲击系数建议值。首先,根据中国桥梁通用图集建立13座不同截面形式和不同跨径的常见中小跨径公路混凝土简支梁桥的有限元模型,结合能表征中国设计车辆荷载动力特性的三维车辆数值模型,建立车桥耦合振动分析系统。然后,基于车桥耦合振动分析系统,研究桥梁基频、桥面不平整度、车速和车质量等因素对动力冲击系数的影响,并与中国现行桥梁设计规范中的动力冲击系数取值进行对比分析。最后,提出冲击系数的建议值,并与世界各国桥梁规范中的冲击系数取值进行对比,讨论建议值的合理性。结果表明:桥面不平整度是影响冲击系数的重要因素,在桥面好的情况下,冲击系数均在0.1以下,低于规范中规定的冲击系数,而桥面很差时,冲击系数可达0.5,远大于中国现行规范中的冲击系数设计值,因此,定期对桥面进行维护能有效减小车辆对桥梁的冲击效应;质量轻的车辆引起更大的冲击系数,但由于车辆总质量轻,其导致的总荷载效应仍然较小,而重车虽然引起的冲击系数较小,但由于其导致的总荷载效应较大,更易对桥面造成损伤,因此,限制超载尤为重要。     

路面激励下的6700客车动力总成悬置系统性能分析

针对6700客车动力总成悬置系统在路面激励下的隔振性能进行了分析评估。建立了用于动力总成悬置系统性能分析的13自由度整车系统动力学模型,分析了系统的模态属性,重点讨论了考虑路面随机激励下的动力总成振动响应。对悬置系统隔振性能较差的问题进行了分析,找到了问题的主要原因是车架和悬置子系统存在沿Z向激励下的模态耦合。     

Speed-independent vibration-based terrain classification for passenger vehicles

Terrain physical characteristics can have a significant impact on passenger vehicle handling, ride quality, and stability. Here, an algorithm is presented to classify terrain using a single suspension-mounted accelerometer. The algorithm passes a measured acceleration signal through a dynamic vehicle model to estimate the terrain profile, and then extracts spatial frequency components of this estimated profile. A method is introduced to identify and remove terrain impulses from the profile that are caused by ruts and potholes. Finally, a supervised support vector machine is employed to classify profile segments as members of pre-defined classes (such as asphalt, brick, gravel, etc.). The classification algorithm is validated with experimental data collected with a passenger vehicle driving in real-world conditions. The algorithm is shown to classify multiple terrain types with reasonable accuracy at a range of typical automotive speeds. It is also shown that the removal of terrain impulses prior to classification improves classifier performance.     

Theoretical and experimental excitation force spectra for railway-induced ground vibration: vehicle–track–soil interaction,irregularities and soil measurements

Excitation force spectra are necessary for a realistic prediction of railway-induced ground vibration. The excitation forces cause the ground vibration and they are themselves a result of irregularities passed by the train. The methods of the related analyses – the wavenumber integration for the wave propagation in homogeneous or layered soils, the combined finite-element boundary-element method for the vehicle–track–soil interaction – have already been presented and are the base for the advanced topic of this contribution. This contribution determines excitation force spectra of railway traffic by two completely different methods. The forward analysis starts with vehicle, track and soil irregularities, which are taken from literature and axle-box measurements, calculates the vehicle–track interaction and gets theoretical force spectra as the result. The second method is a backward analysis from the measured ground vibration of railway traffic. A calculated or measured transfer function of the soil is used to determine the excitation force spectrum of the train. A number of measurements of different soils and different trains with different speeds are analysed in that way. Forward and backward analysis yield the same approximate force spectra with values around 1 kN for each axle and third of octave.     

Road roughness estimation based on discrete Kalman filter with unknown input

ABSTRACT

The road roughness acts as a disturbance input to the vehicle dynamics, and causes undesirable vibrations associated with the ride and handing characteristics. Furthermore, the accurate measurement of road roughness plays a key role in better understanding a vehicle dynamic behaviour and active suspension control systems. However, the direct measurement by laser profilometer or other distance sensors are not trivial due to technical and economic issues. This study proposes a new road roughness estimation method by using the discrete Kalman filter with unknown input (DKF-UI). This algorithm is built on a quarter-car model and uses the measurements of the wheel stroke (suspension deflection), and the acceleration of the sprung mass and unsprung mass. The estimation results are compared to the measurements by laser profilometer in-vehicle test.     

台州市公路隧道渗漏水成因分析及治理措施

以近年来浙江省台州公路隧道渗漏水处治研究为背景,在对台州公路隧道渗漏水病害开展调查的基础上,分析引起隧道渗漏水的原因,并结合防渗堵漏材料的研究结果,提出了针对衬砌点、线、面渗漏水的处治措施,对公路隧道渗漏水的防治具有一定的借鉴意义。