预应力混凝土箱梁桥横向受力分析方法的研究比较

以洋安大桥主桥5跨预应力混凝土变截面连续箱梁桥为背景,对其横向应力分别采用传统的平面框架法和空间有限元法进行分析比较,结果表明大部分关键截面平面框架法得到的横向应力远大于空间有限元法,在实际设计计算中须谨慎使用平面框架法。     

南京长江二桥斜拉桥施工过程稳定性分析

针对南京二桥南汊钢斜拉桥,考虑结构的非线性和构件的极限承载能力,计入施工过程的变形和应力的叠加效应,用包含梁和索单元的空间组合结构模型,进行了大桥的结构行为分析,着重研究了在施工全过程中的结构稳定性问题。     

高等级沥青路面基层底裂缝三维数值分析

裂缝尖端应力强度因子是判断裂缝开裂扩展的重要指标,本文应用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立了20结点等参立方体单元的有限元模型,采用奇异等参元法及断裂力学理论,对路面基层裂缝问题进行了数值分析,分析探讨了路面结构参数对基层裂缝应力强度因子的影响及应力强度因子K1和K2在基层裂缝扩展过程中的变化规律,并预估了裂缝的扩展寿命。计算结果真实反映路面结构的现象和规律,可为高等级公路抗裂设计提供依据。     

计算机仿真研究平整度指标与路面状态的定量关系

参照平整度测量仪的结构及原理,用MATLAB科学计算语言对平整度的测量过程进行了模拟仿真,分析平整度指标与路面状态参数之间的定量关系,并阐述了此项研究对提出新的摊铺机自动找平系统的控制方式,提高路面平整度具有的实际意义与可行性.     

尼铁现代化项目中矩形空心桥台的优化设计

当前常用的时速200 km的铁路矩形空心桥台参考图中的桥台截面尺寸偏厚,安全富余量很大。为节约混凝土圬工量,希望在保证安全的前提下减少桥台截面尺寸。首先提出专门针对铁路矩形空心桥台台身截面计算的荷载图示,然后利用这一新的图示对拉伊铁路项目中使用的常规矩形空心桥台进行有限元分析,经过不断试算提出最优的截面尺寸。在钢筋用量基本不变的情况下,新尺寸桥台较原参考图中桥台的混凝土用量减少10%以上。对于项目所在地尼日利亚国水泥价格高昂的情况而言,桥台尺寸的这一优化将产生较大的经济效益。     

A regression and beam theory based approach for fatigue assessment of containership structures including bending and torsion contributions

Container shipping has been expanding dramatically during the last decade. Due to their special structural characteristics, such as the wide breadth and large hatch openings, horizontal bending and torsion play an important role to the fatigue safety of containerships. In this study the fatigue contributions from vertical bending, horizontal bending and torsion are investigated using full-scale measurements of strain records on two containerships. Further, these contributions are compared to results from direct calculations where a nonlinear 3D panel method is used to compute wave loads in time domain. It is concluded that both bending and torsion have significant impacts on the fatigue assessment of containerships. The stresses caused by these loads could be correctly computed by full-ship finite element analysis. However, this requires large computational effort, since for fatigue assessment purposes the FE analysis needs to be carried out for all encountered sea states and operational conditions with sufficient time steps for each condition. In this paper, a new procedure is proposed to run the structure finite element analysis under only one sea condition for only a few time steps. Then, these results are used to obtain a relationship between wave loads and structural stresses through a linear regression analysis. This relation can be further used to compute stresses for arbitrary sea states and operational conditions using the computed wave loads (bending and torsion moments) as input. Based on this proposed method for structure stress analysis, an efficient procedure is formulated and found to be in very good agreement with the full-ship finite element analysis. In addition it is several orders of magnitude more time efficient for fatigue assessment of containership structures.     

Catenary riser sliding and rolling on seabed during induced lateral movement

Catenary risers have an interaction zone with the seabed, usually referenced as flowline. Movements in this region can be induced by sea currents and large offsets in floating unit, leading to touchdown position changes and affecting internal loads along riser length. In this work the contact flowline-seabed is modeled including sliding and rolling friction. Case studies involving large offsets in floating unit and lateral sea currents are solved to better understand the consequences of possible rolling and large sliding. The riser is modeled using a geometrically-exact finite element beam model. The contact is addressed with a new technique to include rotation movements from underlying beam models. This leads to global riser models including complex kinematics, being able to represent scenarios with alternating sliding/rolling and its consequences on internal loads of riser structure. A parametric study is performed to measure the influence of the friction coefficient in tension and torsion along typical flexible pipe and steel pipe catenary risers.     

桥墩及桩基形式对墩底平转施工转盘设计的影响

以新建福厦(福州—厦门)高速铁路17500 t转体刚构为背景,采用实体有限元方法分析了不同桥墩类型及桩基布置对墩底平转转体中转盘受力的影响,并对桥墩及桩基进行了优化。结果表明:实体墩对上转盘受力最有利,其次是空心墩,最不利的是双薄壁墩;增加墩底实体段能够有效降低空心墩、双薄壁墩上转盘的主拉应力;随着墩底实体段高度的增加,主拉应力降低的幅度逐渐变小;球铰正下方有桩基时对下转盘底部受力更加有利;距离球铰中心越远,桩基受力越小,适当增加中桩桩径,可使各桩基应力状态更加均衡。     

Dynamic loading history and collapse analysis of the pipe during deepwater S-lay operation

In the deepwater S-lay operations depending on the required stinger radius and rollers configuration, relatively large plastic deformation is induced when the pipe passes over the stinger, under the combined loadings of bending, axial tension, roller reaction force and the pipelay vessel motion. The resulting plastic deformation does not vanish after the pipe leaves the stinger. It accumulates until the pipe reaches the seabed. The inherited residual deformation might reduce the collapse capacity of the pipe under the external pressure loading. The present paper investigates the dynamic loading history of the pipe during the S-lay operation based on a test-verified finite element model, and then calculates the residual plastic deformation of the pipe cross-section after the pipe reaches the seabed. Finally, the nonlinear collapse analysis is implemented based on the modified RIKS method to evaluate the capacity of the installation-induced deformed pipe. The results confirm that the deepwater S-lay operation will lead to obvious plastic deformation of the pipe, which decreases the pipe collapse capacity to some extent.     

基于基准有限元模型的箱梁TMD振动控制研究

针对高架桥梁结构引起的振动噪声问题,研究TMD控制箱梁结构振动的特性。为了获得精准的箱梁有限元模型,首先以铁路32 m简支箱梁桥为原型,按10:1的几何相似比设计制作简支箱梁缩尺试验模型,应用ANSYS软件建立初始动力有限元模型;对有限元模型模态分析与试验模型模态测试得到的自由模态信息进行误差分析,并采用基于灵敏度分析的模型修正技术对初始动力有限元模型弹性模量和密度进行修正,得到基准有限元模型,误差确认结果显示修正后的有限元模型更精准地反应箱梁的振动特性;进一步利用基准有限元模型,开展TMD控制简支箱梁桥振动的研究,研究结果表明TMD对于抑制桥梁竖向共振有很好的效果。