动力沉桩中土体疲劳的计算方法探讨

介绍了一维波动理论和土体疲劳的各种计算方法,然后对渤海某海上桩基的打桩工程的沉桩性状进行数值模拟分析,通过对不同的桩侧土体疲劳计算模式的结果做比较分析,以及与实测结果比较,表明:不同方法对沉桩性状的影响力不同,该工程中,非线性土体疲劳计算方法能较好地对砂岩层中的沉桩进行模拟。     

津港地区水文气象介绍

水文气象对港口安全生产的影响是显著的,特别是大风、大雾、风暴潮、海浪、海流不仅影响生产,而且往往带来气象灾害。文中通过对天津港地区水文天气要素的介绍,为港口安全生产、船舶安全作业提供参考。     

船员综合素质的培养与船舶安全

从船员综合素质的内涵入手,结合海事案例,分析了船舶安全与船员综合素质的内在关系,阐述了船舶安全对船员综合素质的具体要求,并对如何提高船员的综合素质,确保船舶安全提出了一些建议。     

强制沥青搅拌设备干燥滚筒振动原因分析及预防措施

通过对大吨位间歇式沥青搅拌设备干燥滚筒驱动原理介绍，分析了滚圈和托轮在机加工过程、装配过程中出现误差对干燥滚筒产生振动的影响。有针对性地实施预防，明确了干燥滚筒筒体与滚圈在装配时应采用的工艺基准，同时提出了干燥滚筒与托轮组装时以托轮为基准的优势。     

沉桩引起超静孔隙水压力的危害与处治

某厂房地基由于软土层较厚，在大面积沉桩施工时引起较高的土体压应力和超静孔隙水压力。试验区基坑开挖后发现桩头有上浮及偏移现象。若不采取有效措施则必然导致基坑开挖失稳及整个桩基的承我力下降。通过设置间距合理的竖向排水体进行治理及现场监测，最终保证了桩基及整个基坑开挖的安全。     

Optimisation of full-toroidal continuously variable transmission in conjunction with fixed ratio mechanism using particle swarm optimisation

The aim of this research is the optimisation of full-toroidal continuously variable transmission (CVT) in conjunction with the fixed ratio (FR) mechanism, while the optimisation objective is to minimise fuel consumption (FC) of the vehicle in the new European driving cycle. After the dynamic analysis of the power train, a computer model is developed to simulate contact between CVT elements and consequently calculate its efficiency. Then an algorithm is presented to calculate FC of the vehicle in the driving cycle. Then, an optimisation using particle swarm optimisation on the CVT geometry and FR mechanism (which is embedded between CVT and final drive) is carried out to minimise FC. It is found that by utilisation of the optimised CVT; FC will be about 11% and 8% lower, compared with the application of a five-speed manual transmission and conventional CVT, respectively. Finally, effects of the roller tilt angle and oil temperature on the FC are investigated.     

Influencing driver chosen cornering speed by means of modified steering feel

This paper presents an investigation about influencing the driver's behaviour intuitively by means of modified steering feel. For a rollover indication through haptic feedback a model was developed and tested that returned a warning to the driver about too high vehicle speed. This was realised by modifying the experienced steering wheel torque as a function of the lateral acceleration. The hypothesis for this work was that drivers of heavy vehicles will perform with more margin of safety to the rollover threshold if the steering feel is altered by means of decreased or additionally increased steering wheel torque at high lateral acceleration. Therefore, the model was implemented in a test truck with active steering with torque overlay and used for a track test. Thirty-three drivers took part in the investigation that showed, depending on the parameter setting, a significant decrease of lateral acceleration while cornering.     

随机横浪中船舶倾覆过程模拟与安全域计算

研讨了随机海浪中船舶非线性随机横摇运动倾覆过程和安全域问题.考虑非线性阻尼、非线性复原力矩和随机波浪,建立了随机横浪中船舶运动的随机非线性微分方程.考虑两参数海浪谱和不同的有义波高,计算随机波浪力矩,采用简谐加速度数值计算方法求解随机微分方程,进行了随机倾覆过程的数值模拟.考虑船舶运动的瞬时状态,发展了胞映射方法计算随机非线性横摇运动安全域的方法,并编制了计算机程序.模拟了一条渔船不同有义波高作用下横摇倾覆过程,考虑不同的初始条件及随机波浪参数,在初始值平面上采用胞映射法构造了渔船航行的安全域.波高较小时,安全域是一个连续的区域;随着有义波高增大,安全域面积减小并且不再连续,倾覆域和安全域相互包围.计算结果表明,船舶运动的瞬时状态对安全域具有重要影响,而且随机海浪中安全域具有随机特性.     

Comparing and validating models of driver steering behaviour in collision avoidance and vehicle stabilisation

A number of driver models were fitted to a large data set of human truck driving, from a simulated near-crash, low-friction scenario, yielding two main insights: steering to avoid a collision was best described as an open-loop manoeuvre of predetermined duration, but with situation-adapted amplitude, and subsequent vehicle stabilisation could to a large extent be accounted for by a simple yaw rate nulling control law. These two phenomena, which could be hypothesised to generalise to passenger car driving, were found to determine the ability of four driver models adopted from the literature to fit the human data. Based on the obtained results, it is argued that the concept of internal vehicle models may be less valuable when modelling driver behaviour in non-routine situations such as near-crashes, where behaviour may be better described as direct responses to salient perceptual cues. Some methodological issues in comparing and validating driver models are also discussed.     

Driver models for personalised driving assistance

We propose a learning-based driver modelling approach which can identify manoeuvres performed by drivers on the highway and predict the future driver inputs. We show how this approach can be applied to provide personalised driving assistance. In a first example, the driver model is used to predict unintentional lane departures and a model predictive controller is used to keep the car in the lane. In a second example, the driver model estimates the preferred acceleration of the driver during lane keeping, and a model predictive controller is implemented to provide a personalised adaptive cruise control. For both applications, we use a combination of real data and simulation to evaluate the proposed approaches.