Assessment of the influence of the elastic properties of rail vehicle suspensions on safety,ride quality and track fatigue

A sensitivity analysis has been performed to assess the influence of the elastic properties of railway vehicle suspensions on the vehicle dynamic behaviour. To do this, 144 dynamic simulations were performed modifying, one at a time, the stiffness and damping coefficients, of the primary and secondary suspensions. Three values were assigned to each parameter, corresponding to the percentiles 10, 50 and 90 of a data set stored in a database of railway vehicles. After processing the results of these simulations, the analysed parameters were sorted by increasing influence. It was also found which of these parameters could be estimated with a lesser degree of accuracy in future simulations without appreciably affecting the simulation results. In general terms, it was concluded that the highest influences were found for the longitudinal stiffness and the lateral stiffness of the primary suspension, and the lowest influences for the vertical stiffness and the vertical damping of the primary suspension, with the parameters of the secondary suspension showing intermediate influences between them.     

船舶碰撞后运动趋势的模拟计算

本文首先应用明诺斯基(Minorsky)一维碰撞理论,扩展为多自由度模型,描述船舶在碰撞瞬间的能量和运动的转化。以确定两船碰撞后运动的初始条件。船舶碰撞结束之后,开始进入惯性运动阶段,再以日本MMG小组提出的船舶操纵性数学模型为基础,根据基本物理定理,建立两船在互为约束条件下的运动数学模型,计算碰撞后两船的运动过程。最后,在可能出现的各种碰撞格局下进行模拟试验,确定比较符合实际的碰撞前的初始运动状态,为事故分析提供依据。研究表明,用此种模拟计算方法,能较好地计算出船舶碰撞后的运动过程,是一种分析碰撞事故的有效方法。     

船用黑匣子数据压缩系统的实现

船用黑匣子为航运事故的分析及处理提供了依据,而航行数据压缩技术是其关键的软件。本文首先以框图形式简介黑匣子的系统结构,提出了采用数据压缩技术的必要性及其基本原理,然后采用各种数据压缩编码方案建立多项式预测模型,通过分析比较认定在船用黑匣子数据压缩系统中采用零阶及一阶预测法进行数据压缩较为可靠。本文还介绍了浮动窗口零阶预测法、浮动窗口一阶预测法以及具有自适应性的变窗口零阶预测法等几种实用的数据压缩方法。最后,以零阶预测法解压过程为例,略述将压缩处理后的数据恢复成近似原始数据的工作原理与过程。     

LKJ－93型列车运行监控记录装置记录系统

介绍了ＬＫＪ－９３型列车运行监控记录装置记录系统的组成和数据的形成过程，并从软硬件两个方面论述了设计过程中的技术要点，如数据安全保护、文件管理、动态存储分配等关键技术。     

全球气象和船舶跟踪系统

介绍全球气象和船舶跟踪系统（ＧＭＳＴＳ）构成的方案及原理，阐述系统的主要功能、技术特点及适用范围，还探讨系统的其他若干技术问题。     

Estimation of left-turning vehicle maneuvers for the assessment of pedestrian safety at intersections

Improving pedestrian safety at intersections remains a critical issue. Although several types of safety countermeasures, such as reforming intersection layouts, have been implemented, methods have not yet been established to quantitatively evaluate the effects of these countermeasures before installation. One of the main issues in pedestrian safety is conflicts with turning vehicles. This study aims to develop an integrated model to represent the variations in the maneuvers of left-turners (left-hand traffic) at signalized intersections that dynamically considers the vehicle reaction to intersection geometry and crossing pedestrians. The proposed method consists of four empirically developed stochastic sub-models, including a path model, free-flow speed profile model, lag/gap acceptance model, and stopping/clearing speed profile model. Since safety assessment is the main objective driving the development of the proposed model, this study uses post-encroachment time (PET) and vehicle speed at the crosswalk as validation parameters. Preliminary validation results obtained by Monte Carlo simulation show that the proposed integrated model can realistically represent the variations in vehicle maneuvers as well as the distribution of PET and vehicle speeds at the crosswalk.     

自密实混凝土在人工挖孔桩中应用

自密实混凝土具有高流动性、不离析、均匀性和稳定性好的特点,其浇筑时,依靠其自重流动,无须振捣即可密实。将自密实混凝土应用于人工挖孔桩,不仅可以保证桩身质量,减少工人劳动强度,降低能耗,提高生产效率,还可以达到安全生产目的。     

基于FLAC~(2D)的膨胀土边坡稳定性影响因素分析

膨胀土滑坡问题在工程建设领域出现的越来越多,准确地了解膨胀土土体各项参数对其稳定性有何影响显得尤为重要。以宿州至扬州高速公路天长段膨胀土边坡实例为计算模型,利用正交试验探讨了边坡土体天然密度、粘聚力、内摩擦角、弹性模量和泊松比对其稳定性的影响,得出了一些有意义的结论,为工程建设中膨胀土边坡设计和治理提供参考。     

不良线形组合情况下城市道路工程与交通安全设施设置措施的探讨

在城市道路设计中,一些道路与立交匝道形成了如小半径平曲线、陡坡等不良的平纵线形组合,在车辆超速、天气等不利条件的共同作用下容易引发重大交通事故,造成负面的社会影响。通过对规划、设计、速度等方面的原因分析,希望引起设计、管理部门的重视,并提出通过适度增加工程措施、加大交通安全设施设置力度的方法,达到限制和降低车辆的运行速度,保障交通安全的目的。