船舶运输精矿粉的安全监管

介绍了船舶运输精矿粉发生的一些严重事故,全面分析了船舶运输含水量过大精矿粉所存在的危险性因素,并根据原因分析提出对此类船舶的安全监督管理建议。     

Reliability-based calibration of fatigue design guidelines for ship structures

A simple reliability-based framework is applied to calibrate a new set of fatigue design guidelines. This new guideline considers two different approaches for the assessment of both loads, stresses and local stress raising effects, and partial safety factors must be given for any combination of these approaches. For the calibration, the lognormal reliability format is adopted because the hereby-derived partial safety factors can be combined arbitrarily. This means that with a few basic partial safety factors, the combination of partial safety factors to be applied together with any combination of calculation approaches can be determined easily. In the present paper both the adopted reliability format, the applied modeling of uncertainties and the selected target safety index are explained. Based on this, a new guideline is calibrated and the derived partial safety factors are presented. Finally, the new guideline is applied through a numerical example in order to show the applicability of the calibrated partial safety factors, and satisfactory results are found.     

Dynamic Simulation of a Smart Crank and Slider Mechanism

In this paper, a smart crank and slider mechanism is analyzed mostly from a dynamic view. By means of dynamic explicit finite element method, 3D nonlinear structure is simulated. It is proved that the mechanism can effectively accomplish smart movement prescribed. And in order to ensure reciprocal movement with higher frequency, measures should be taken to avoid over heating of parts. Compared with internal energy, kinetic energy of total rigid body is dominating, and Y direction equivalent rigid velocity is much higher than X direction velocity. Equivalent rigid velocity of all parts is consistent with respective movement condition. For both energy and velocity, slider effect is dominating. Three direction equivalent inertia force oscillates. Force amplitude in Y -direction is comparitively the greatest.     

Mobile phone use while driving: public opinions on restrictions

This paper reviews two road-user surveys on the use of mobile phones on the road in Finland where the mobile phone ownership rate is highest in the world (70% in August 2000). From 1998 to 1999 the proportion of drivers that chose to use a mobile phone while driving rose from 56% to 68%, while the proportion of phone using drivers who experienced dangerous situations due to phone use rose from 44% to 50%. The proportion of drivers who used their phones in some way to benefit safety on the road remained at about 55%. The youngest, novice drivers had the highest level of phone usage of all age categories. Over 48% of the interviewees believed that the government should ban the use of hand-held mobile phones while driving, and another 27% believed that all types of mobile phone use should be banned while driving. Those drivers who used their phones the most each day were more likely to want some form of restrictions, than those who had lower usage. This is a strong message to the elected lawmakers and raises the problem of exactly how regulatory bodies would go about controlling the future growth of new driver support and non-driving related communication devices in road vehicles. It was concluded that legislating for hands-free use only would be a reasonable course of action. Mandating that the current generation of equipment should be optimized for hands-free use should result in future generations of in-vehicle equipment also being optimized for hands-free use as a minimum criterion.     

对我国建设工程索赔机制运行有关问题的探讨

索赔机制及其运行是实现索赔的重要保证。文章通过对索赔机制的定义及构成分析,阐释了索赔机制的本质及运行影响因素。据此,对我国索赔机制运行中的困境及原因做了剖析,提出了完善我国索赔机制、改善索赔环境的具体措施和建议。     

提速电力机车安全监测系统及判据研究

对目前提速电力机车的运用安全、修程修制等问题作了简明的阐述,提出机车安全监测系统研制的总体方案及故障判别原则。     

浅述施工企业安全工作的科学管理

传统安全管理模式的着眼点是在系统运行阶段,致使事故防不胜防。而科学化安全管理,其着眼点是在对危险进行预先识别、分析和控制上,变“事后处理”为“事先控制”,防患于未然。企业管理者必须要转变观念,以人为本,提高专业素质,采用形式多样的人性化管理手段,才能促进现代施工尤其是隧道施工企业安全工作尽早实现科学管理。     

膨胀土地区路基水损害作用机理研究及防治对策

对我国膨胀土地区水损害机理进行了研究,归纳总结了对膨胀土路基水损害需采取排水、支挡、生物工程、避让等对策措施.     

SMS评价指标的确定

通过对SMS要素的层次结构分析,提出了评价SMS的依据,确定评价指标的原则,并确定了SMS的评价指标和评价指标权重。     

高锰钢爆炸加工硬化及其硬化机理

本文研究了爆炸加工后高锰钢的硬化效果及其硬化机理．结果表明，高锰钢经爆炸加工后表面硬度大幅度提高，硬化深度超过４０ｍｍ．但夏比冲击试验表明仍有较高的韧性，宏观残余变形很小．这些变化不是发生Ｍ体及ε相转变的结果，而是发生高密度位错、堆垛层错、大量的交叉滑移，晶粒的扭折，孪晶及Ａ体晶粒细化引起的．