Casualty analysis of large tankers

This article presents detailed results of a comprehensive analysis of recorded accidents of large oil tankers (deadweight greater than 80 000 tonnes) occurring between 1978 and 2003. The analysis encompasses a thorough review of available raw accident data and their postprocessing in a way to produce appropriate statistics useful for the implementation of risk-based assessment methodologies. The processing of the captured data led to the identification of significant qualitative historical trends of tanker accidents and of quantitative characteristics of large tanker accidents, such as overall accident rates per ship-year. Data were also analyzed for all major accident categories separately, taking into account tanker ship size/type, the degree of accident severity, and the oil spill tonne rates per ship-year; this led to the identification of heavily polluted worldwide geographical areas as a result of large tanker accidents.     

论无单放货诉讼时效的起算点

国际贸易中因卖方提交的单据不符合信用证的规定遭银行退单是常有的事,然而一般此时船舶抵达卸货港已有时日,若承运人无单放货,卖方向承运人提起无单放货之诉,其诉讼时效究竟是以船舶抵达卸货港具备交付条件之日起计算,还是以卖方银行被退单后持有正本提单向承运人主张交货之日起计算,司法实践中不无争议,笔者认为,从公平合理等角度分析,应以后者起算为宜。     

浅谈高速公路建设中环境保护与环保措施

着重介绍了高速公路各组成部分的环保功能、各阶段环境保护的工作重点、施工阶段环保措施和公路营运期环保措施。     

车站通过能力计算中的数据处理方法

采集完备而合理的原始数据是计算车站通过能力的基础。为解决客观环境及人为因素造成采集数据失真和影响可靠性的问题,一方面运用灰色系统理论中的弱化缓冲原理进行数据预处理,即从原始数据序列中提取出显著偏离序列的数据元素,采用二阶缓冲数据处理方法进行数据弱化,并将预处理后的数据对应替代原始数据序列中被提取的数据;另一方面,运用数理统计方法推导占用时间标准计算公式中的权重系数,以权重系数替代传统公式中的简单算术平均数。给出数据预处理方法和确定权重系数的具体步骤,并以重庆站成都方向至到发场第2股道的接车作业占用咽喉时间实际数据处理为例,验证了所给出方法可有效减轻随机扰动对原始数据采集的不利影响,使设备占用时间标准的确定更加合理。     

矩阵方法在单因素模糊综合评价中的应用

模糊综合评价技术需要借助评价矩阵,通过对矩阵与权重因素的运算,得出模糊综合评判模型,然后对评判结果进行相应的处理从而得出该类事故的危险程度进而指导企业安全生产。本文主要介绍矩阵方法在单因素模糊综合评价的应用问题。     

海洋平台结构系统可靠性分析及其构件安全等级评判

海洋平台在服役期间将遭遇恶劣的环境载荷，研究其系统可靠性并评价其构件安全等级有着重大意义。本文采用分技界限法寻找结构的主要失效路径，以Ditlevsen界限法求取结构的系统失效概率，最后引进模糊综合评判方法对结构作综合评判．由此得到结构构件的安全等级。文中还具体分析了圆管截面极限方程的建立，讨论了影响系数对系统可靠性计算的影响，得到影响系数与系统失效概率的定性关系。按以上思路编制了空间刚架的通用可靠性分析程序，算例表明程序是合理有效的。     

城市高架公路新型声屏障研究

在分析城市交通噪声主要特征的基础上 ,探讨声屏障的声学设计、结构设计及强度设计方法 ,介绍城市高架公路新型声屏障的试验室测试结果和应用情况。测试和应用结果表明 ,这种新型声屏障是城市高架公路控制噪声的有效设施。     

宁波-舟山海域船舶接收MSI时的困难分析

海上安全信息(MSI)对船舶航行安全起到非常重要的作用,航行在宁波-舟山海域的船舶在接收上海海岸电台通过HF NBDP播发的MSI时,经常会遇到通信不良,接收信号很差的情况,尤其在夜晚。就这一现象利用无线电通信的有关知识进行了详细地分析,并在此基础上提出了有效的应对措施来改善接收效果,以期对航行在此海域的船舶在接收MSI时有所帮助。     

对自动售检票系统进行风险评估的探讨

自动售检票(AFC)系统作为地铁运营体系的核心部分,其信息的安全性需要得到充分保证.深圳地铁为了提升AFC系统的安全性,建立了信息安全管理体系.结合该体系建立过程,对风险评估的流程和重点进行了探讨.风险评估是在对AFC系统的资产、威胁和脆弱性进行详细的识别和估值后,再计算风险值,得出了系统中一系列存在风险的业务范围和较全面的安全需求.     

Fatigue design for plug/ring type gas welded joints of sts301l including welding residual stresses

This paper presents a fatigue design method for plug and ring type gas welded joints, which incorporates welding residual stress effects. A non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) was first performed to simulate the gas welding process. The numerically predicted residual stresses of the gas welds were then compared to experimental results measured using a hole drilling method. In order to evaluate the fatigue strength of the plug and ring type gas welded joints, a stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R taling the welding residual stress of the gas weld into account was introduced and is based on a modified Goodman equation incorporating the effect of the residual stress. Using the stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R , the ΔP-N _f relations obtained from fatigue tests for plug and ring type gas welded joints having various dimensions and shapes were systematically rearranged into (σ _a ) _R -N _f relations. It was found that the proposed stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R could provide a systematic and reasonable fatigue design criterion for the plug and ring type gas welded joints.