驱逐舰烟气排放过程数值仿真及同模型试验比较研究(英文)

The exhaust smoke dispersion for a generic frigate is investigated numerically through the numerical solution of the governing fluid flow, energy, species and turbulence equations. The main objective of this work is to obtain the effects of the yaw angle, velocity ratio and buoyancy on the dispersion of the exhaust smoke. The numerical method is based on the fully conserved control-volume representation of the fully elliptic Navier-Stokes equations. Turbulence is modeled using a two-equation(k-ε) model. The flow visualization tests using a 1/100 scale model of the frigate in the wind tunnel were also carried out to determine the exhaust plume path and to validate the computational results. The results show that down wash phenomena occurs for the yaw angles between ψ =10° and 20°. The results with different exhaust gas temperatures show that the buoyancy effect increases with the increasing of the exhaust gas temperature. However, its effect on the plume rise is less significant in comparison with its momentum. A good agreement between the predictions and experiment results is obtained.     

城市轨道交通车辆选型的探析

目前国内绝大部分城市轨道交通速度目标值均为80 km/h,车辆的选型相对比较固定.V≥120 km/h的城市轨道交通在国内应用较少,可适用的车辆型式不仅有地铁模式,国铁动车组也是比较适合的方案之一,具体采用哪种模式需根据线路在线网中的衔接关系、设计速度目标值以及城市景观的影响等因素综合考虑.车辆选型不仅受运量控制,还受线路坡度、曲线半径、站间距等一系列因素影响,其对工程投资有着直接的影响.正确的选型对节约成本,提高运能,增加乘客的舒适度具有重要的意义.     

Closed-loop Inventory Routing Problem for returnable transport items

Increasing concerns on supply chain sustainability have given birth to the concept of closed-loop supply chain. Closed-loop supply chains include the return processes besides forward flows to recover the value from the customers or end-users. Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) systems ensure collaborative relationships between a vendor and a set of customers. In such systems, the vendor takes on the responsibility of product deliveries and inventory management at customers. Product deliveries also include reverse flows of returnable transport items. The execution of the VMI policy requires vendor to deal with a Closed-loop Inventory Routing Problem (CIRP) consisting of its own forward and backward routing decisions, and inventory decisions of customers. In CIRP literature, traditional assumptions of disregarding reverse logistic operations, knowing beforehand distribution costs between nodes and customers demand, and managing single product restrict the usage of the proposed models in current food logistics systems. From this point of view, the aim of this research is to enhance the traditional models for the CIRP to make them more useful for the decision makers in closed-loop supply chains. Therefore, we propose a probabilistic mixed-integer linear programming model for the CIRP that accounts for forward and reverse logistics operations, explicit fuel consumption, demand uncertainty and multiple products. A case study on the distribution operations of a soft drink company shows the applicability of the model to a real-life problem. The results suggest that the proposed model can achieve significant savings in total cost and thus offers better support to decision makers.     

A method to measure the eco-efficiency of diesel locomotive

Brazilian railroads transport over 490 million tons a year using diesel-electric locomotives. These locomotives emit several pollutants into the atmosphere and because of that, the railroads seek to reduce emissions and achieve global emission standards. Thus, it is important to analyze the environmental impact of the use of diesel and alternative fuels to reach environmental standards. This paper makes use of a method based upon the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) metrics to evaluate the locomotives’ eco-efficiency. The method was applied to Estrada de Ferro Vitória a Minas (EFVM). Different scenarios representing the exchange of fuel sources and technologies were developed, tested and analyzed. The impacts were evaluated by seven eco-efficiency performance indicators and compared with United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards. The results offered cost savings and emissions reduction opportunities.     

舰用燃气轮机RMS参数体系研究

根据舰用燃气轮机的任务需求和使用环境特点,综合RMS参数体系需要考虑的因素,按定量参数和定性要求,提出了舰用燃气轮机RMS参数体系,并给出了定量参数的含义以及计算公式.     

泰和全地下污水厂系统工艺调试关键技术及回顾总结

泰和污水厂是国内采用全流程全地下式集约化布置规模最大的污水处理厂,一期工程建设规模40万m3/d,调试过程中通过优化污泥接种培养驯化方案、系统管网联动调度、优化调试顺序等,在最短时间内实现了污水厂达标排放,发挥了泰和污水厂的环境效能.对泰和污水厂调试过程中的关键技术进行了回顾,总结了全地下大体量污水厂的调试要点.     

土压平衡盾构不满舱施工遇到的问题及对策

中国土压平衡盾构采用不满舱施工非常普遍,因此施工过程中经常出现一些问题。通过对开挖面压力平衡状态的分析,结合工程实例对开挖面的整体稳定、渣土排出异常、开挖面部分坍塌、壁后注浆窜浆等现象进行讨论,解释其发生的主要原理。提出渣土泥浆化的概念、判断标准,明确其与喷涌的差异,并讨论不满舱施工时窜浆发生过程,给出判断窜浆发生的主要条件,明确发生局部渗透破坏的条件。研究结果表明:即使风化岩等高渗性地层开挖面整体稳定性计算满足不满舱施工的强度要求,也会出现局部渗透破坏甚至开挖面坍塌;不满舱施工开挖面局部渗透破坏等引起的超挖量大、窜浆引起盾尾充填效果差均导致地表沉降过大。基于上述问题产生的原理提出相应措施以维持土舱内压力与地层中土水压力的平衡,研究结果能够为土压平衡盾构施工提供一定技术支撑。     

铁路线路技术标准与运量水平之间的耦合关系研究

为了确定铁路线路技术标准与运量水平之间的耦合关系,分析运量水平主导线路主要技术标准类项目特性和线路技术标准主导运量水平类项目特性,从供需平衡角度出发,得出运量构成机制和线路标准条件从能力供给到运量诱发的质变条件。     

基于客运量波动的城市轨道交通项目财务效益后评价分析

研究目的:城市轨道交通建设项目的决策和管理水平及其产生的效益越来越受到重视,后评价作为工程项目全生命周期管理的重要环节,正是满足这一要求的最佳手段.本文借鉴建设项目后评价理论与方法,结合城市轨道交通的特点,探讨基于客运量波动的城市轨道交通项目的财务效益后评价理论与方法.研究结果:根据城市轨道交通项目的特点,本文分析了财务效益后评价的内容,并从客运量的波动性建立城市轨道交通项目财务效益后评价的随机灰色系统模型,利用GM(1,1)模型对客运量进行拟合和预测,以此得到的客流数据作为财务效益后评价的基础数据.算例表明GM(1,1)模型能较好地反映客运量的变化发展规律,具有良好的外推性和准确度,适用于城市轨道交通项目的财务效益后评价.     

240火花塞式燃气机预燃燃烧技术研究

针对目前国内外气缸直径200 mm,单缸排量10 L以上火花塞式4冲程燃气机热效率低、热负荷高、可靠性低等问题,以南车资阳机车有限公司240系列火花塞式燃气机(燃气主要成分为CH4)为例,简要介绍对解决这些问题进行的预燃燃烧技术研究.