曹妃甸新区交通需求预测模型的思考

对于没有基础的交通量和经济社会发展状况等方面数据的未开发区域以及没有系统科学的交通量调查数据的曾经偏远落后的地区,很难用经典的交通需求预测模型来预测其远景年的交通量,可以考虑采用土地利用回归模型对该地区进行交通需求预测。     

肇兴大桥承台大体积砼施工温度控制

文章依托肇兴大桥工程施工实例,对大体积砼裂缝产生的机理进行了分析,介绍了大体积砼温度计算与监测方法,并提出了有效的现场温控措施,为大体积砼施工提供方法借鉴。     

铁路客车空调新风量和制冷量的自动调节

提出了通过采用新风量和制冷量综合自动调节办法,控制车内CO2浓度和温度,提高车内空气品质,满足乘客热舒适要求。     

惰性气体系统应用于控制船舶压载水传播外来生物

航行于洲际间的远洋船舶,其压载水系统成为有害水生物入侵的主要途径之一。溶解在水中的氧是水域生命活动不可缺少的物质,但不同水生物对溶解氧的需求不同。实践证明:当溶解氧小于1 mg/L时,在1 h内,水生物将窒息而亡。论述以燃气作为惰性气体,置换远洋船舶压载系统中的空气,使水中的溶解氧小于1 mg/L,让入侵水生物窒息的方法,以保护本地水域生态平衡。结合我国油轮上配置的惰性气体系统(Inert Gases System,简称IGS),提出了方案设想和计算要点,与同行共同探讨。     

降雨作用下裂隙红黏土边坡渗流特征与冲刷模式

针对降雨作用下裂隙红黏土边坡失稳破坏问题，开展红黏土边坡裂隙演化、降雨入渗及冲刷模型试验，提出基于图像摄影识别技术的边坡裂隙特征及含水率分布定量表征方法，揭示红黏土边坡裂隙演化规律，分析裂隙发育程度与降雨强度对红黏土边坡渗流特征与冲刷模式的影响。结果表明：干燥作用下红黏土边坡表面裂隙发育，其中坡面裂隙发育最强烈，其最大裂隙平均宽度为4.1 mm，最大裂隙深度为7.7 cm，最大裂隙率为10.4%，但坡底子裂隙和分支裂隙发育最充分，且主裂隙最先出现于远离坡面处；降雨作用下，雨水极易沿坡表裂隙形成优势流迅速渗入边坡内部，使边坡含水率增加且呈不均匀分布，出现局部暂态饱和区；裂隙发育程度和降雨强度的增强均会提高前期降雨入渗速率，并增加最终降雨入渗深度，其中坡底处入渗深度最大；极端降雨对裂隙红黏土边坡冲刷作用明显，造成坡面松散层流失，坡底显现冲刷痕迹，坡脚局部发生滑动。基于图像摄影识别技术定量分析边坡含水率分布的方法简单有效，研究成果可为裂隙性红黏土边坡灾害防治提供参考。     

基于非线性渗流模型的管道型岩溶隧道突水机理研究北大核心CSCD

管道型岩溶突水是一个复杂的多场耦合的非线性渗流问题,致灾具有突发性。为揭示管道型岩溶突水灾害的发生机理,文章基于多物理场耦合作用机理,开展了不同溶腔水压、岩溶管道内不同填充介质、不同岩溶管道宽度及岩溶管道长度条件下的多场耦合分析。得到以下结论:(1)管道型岩溶破坏模式下发生的突水灾害,根据填充介质透水性能的异同而表现不同;(2)流体从富水溶腔中流出时流速较小,流经岩溶管道后流速逐渐增加,进入隧道后达到最大值;(3)影响突水过程的因素主要有:富水溶腔水压、岩溶管道或断层裂隙带内填充介质的种类、岩溶管道的宽度、隧道与水源的距离,其中,岩溶管道宽度及岩溶管道内填充介质类型对突水影响大于其他因素。     

Air quality impacts of electric vehicle adoption in Texas

Widespread adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) may substantially reduce emissions of greenhouse gases while improving regional air quality and increasing energy security. However, outcomes depend heavily on the electricity generation process, power plant locations, and vehicle use decisions. This paper provides a clear methodology for predicting PEV emissions impacts by anticipating battery-charging decisions and power plant energy sources across Texas. Life-cycle impacts of vehicle production and use and Texans’ exposure to emissions are also computed and monetized. This study reveals to what extent PEVs are more environmentally friendly, for most pollutant species, than conventional passenger cars in Texas, after recognizing the emissions and energy impacts of battery provision and other manufacturing processes. Results indicate that PEVs on today’s grid can reduce GHGs, NO_x, PM₁₀, and CO in urban areas, but generate significantly higher emissions of SO₂ than existing light-duty vehicles. Use of coal for electricity production is a primary concern for PEV growth, but the energy security benefits of electrified vehicle-miles endure. As conventional vehicle emissions rates improve, it appears that power grids must follow suit (by improving emissions technologies and/or shifting toward cleaner generation sources) to compete on an emissions-monetized basis with conventional vehicles in many locations. Moreover, while PEV pollution impacts may shift to more remote (power plant) locations, dense urban populations remain most strongly affected by local power plant emissions in many Texas locations.     

地下水渗流对砾石地层人工冻结过程的影响

采用室内模型试验,研究地下工程中水渗流对砾石地层人工冻结过程的影响,分析砾石地层的温度场分布特征及冻结壁的形成过程、交圈时间和厚度演化机制。结果表明:人工冻结管的冷量扩散与地下水渗流之间存在显著的耦合效应;无渗流时,人工冻结过程中砾石地层上下游温度场呈现对称分布特征,且冻土圆柱和冻结壁厚度均匀一致;地下水渗流导致砾石地层上下游温度场呈现显著的不对称性,且渗流速率越大,不对称性越明显;冻结壁交圈时间随地下水渗流速率的增加而近似线性增长,渗流速率达到5.00 m·d^-1时为无渗流时的3.2倍;由于地下水渗流的"冲蚀"作用,上游冻结壁厚度随渗流速度线性减小,下游冻结壁厚度则线性增大,冻结壁呈现"马鞍"形状。     

A hybrid heuristic strategy for liquefied natural gas inventory routing

As liquefied natural gas (LNG) steadily grows to be a common mode for commercializing natural gas, LNG supply chain optimization is becoming a key technology for gas companies to maintain competitiveness. This paper develops methods for improving the solutions for a previously stated form of an LNG inventory routing problem (LNG-IRP). Motivated by the poor performance of a Dantzig-Wolfe-based decomposition approach for exact solutions, we develop a suite of advanced heuristic techniques and propose a hybrid heuristic strategy aiming to achieve improved solutions in shorter computational time. The heuristics include two phases: the advanced construction phase is based on a rolling time algorithm and a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP); and the solution improvement phase is a series of novel MIP-based neighborhood search techniques. The proposed algorithms are evaluated based on a set of realistic large-scale instances seen in recent literature. Extensive computational results indicate that the hybrid heuristic strategy is able to obtain optimal or near optimal feasible solutions substantially faster than commercial optimization software and also the previously proposed heuristic methods.