岩土锚固力的确定及应用

选定粤赣高速公路有代表性的6种岩层,对其全、强、弱风化层组成的路堑高边坡锚索加固工程进行了69次破坏性拉拔试验。试验中对每种不同风化程度的岩(土)层采用锚固长度为1m、2m、3m的现场拉拔试验,计算出锚索加固边坡的锚固力值,为验证高边坡工程设计提供了准确的力学参数,也为全线高边坡工程的施工工艺提供指导性意见。同时,节省了大量的试验费用和时间,获得了显著的经济效益。     

抗滑桩在滑坡处理中的应用

结合某国道滑坡情况,根据其具体的工程地质和水文情况,提出了采用抗滑桩的处理方案。根据滑坡推力计算,确定抗滑桩的尺寸及位置,提出了施工过程动态监测和完工后长期监测的方案。     

导管式推进器非定常性能数值计算方法研究

基于滑移网格方法，采用SST k-ω湍流模型研究不同网格划分方式对带前置定子导管式推进器非定常性能的研究。首先基于相对参考坐标系法及滑移网格方法分别对推进器在定常与非定常下的性能进行数值预报，并与试验结果相比验证计算方法的可靠性。基于该方法研究整体网格划分方式与周期性网格对推力系数、扭矩系数与推进器各个方向上的非定常脉动力的影响。研究结果为进一步研究推进器非定常性能提供了参考。     

桥梁单板受力的原因及预防措施探讨

从宏观角度分析桥梁预制板单板受力的一般规律,以及形成单板受力的原因,并从设计角度提出克服单板受力的措施,尤其是提出设置横向预应力是解决单板受力的有效措施,可供设计人员参考.     

浅埋顶管沉井周边土体的三维破坏形状及沉降研究

为研究顶管沉井及周边土体在顶进力作用下的形变范围与大小，以加固旋喷桩作为沉井周围加固体建立ABAQUS软件计算模型，并将模拟结果与工程实例、PLAXIS 3D软件所得结果进行对比分析。同时，采用广州地区花岗岩残积土进行室内沉井模型试验，并通过试验结果对数值模拟结论进行验证，得出结论如下： 1）在开挖基坑前达到设计强度的旋喷桩能有效减小基坑周边土体塌陷变形、坑底隆起。2）在施加工作顶推力下，前侧主动区首先出现贯通裂缝，竖向位移斜率增大出现明显拐点；继续增大顶推力，土体位移会急剧增大导致地表沉降严重。3）对于后背土体，在顶推力作用下，地表破裂线的切线角度从0°逐渐增大至45°+φ/2，导致破裂范围也不断扩大；达到45°+φ/2处后，继续施加顶推力会导致短轴方向破坏范围扩大的速度较长轴方向的速度更快；三维空间中被动区破坏土体在地表处产生形状为椭圆的破坏面，椭圆长轴方向为顶推轴线方向，被动破坏体呈现为牛角状椭圆楔体。     

汕头苏埃隧道方案设计关键技术研究

根据汕头苏埃隧道的建设条件,对工程方案设计中的几个技术难点进行研究,并提出解决方案。通过采用"多级分流"理念,实现隧道与北岸4条城市主干道的交通衔接;选择"抛石+排水板"方案解决海域深厚淤泥地层中的围堰设计;8度高烈度震区选择合理的抗震减震措施解决隧道结构抗震;采取双道密封垫和加大密封垫断面的防水设计,满足地震时管片接缝张开量大的防水要求;针对复杂地层,对盾构选型和配置提出建议;对海底凸起进入隧道内的硬岩进行爆破预处理,以降低盾构施工风险。     

Design of tyre force excitation for tyre–road friction estimation

Knowledge of the current tyre–road friction coefficient is essential for future autonomous vehicles. The environmental conditions, and the tyre–road friction in particular, determine both the braking distance and the maximum cornering velocity and thus set the boundaries for the vehicle. Tyre–road friction is difficult to estimate during normal driving due to low levels of tyre force excitation. This problem can be solved by using active tyre force excitation. A torque is added to one or several wheels in the purpose of estimating the tyre–road friction coefficient. Active tyre force excitation provides the opportunity to design the tyre force excitation freely. This study investigates how the tyre force should be applied to minimise the error of the tyre–road friction estimate. The performance of different excitation strategies was found to be dependent on both tyre model choice and noise level. Furthermore, the advantage with using tyre models with more parameters decreased when noise was added to the force and slip ratio.     

The Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact of wheel and rail

A new regularisation of non-elliptical contact patches has been introduced, which enables building the look-up table called by us the Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact (KBTNH), which is a fast creep force generator that can be used by multibody dynamics system simulation programs. The non-elliptical contact patch is regularised by a simple double-elliptical contact region (SDEC). The SDEC region is especially suitable for regularisation of contact patches obtained with approximate non-Hertzian methods for solving the normal contact problem of wheel and rail. The new regularisation is suitable for wheels and rails with any profiles, including worn profiles.

The paper describes the new procedure of regularisation of the non-elliptical contact patch, the structure of the Kalker book of tables, and parameterisation of the independent variables of the tables and creep forces.

A moderate volume Kalker book of tables for SDEC region suitable for simulation of modern running gears has been computed in co-simulation of Matlab and program CONTACT.

To access the creep forces of the Kalker book of tables, the linear interpolation has been applied.

The creep forces obtained from KBTNH have been compared to those obtained by program CONTACT and FASTSIM algorithm. FASTSIM has been applied on both the contact ellipse and the SDEC contact patch. The comparison shows that KBTNH is in good agreement with CONTACT for a wide range of creepage condition and shapes of the contact patch, whereas the use of FASTSIM on the elliptical patch and SDEC may lead to significant deviations from the reference CONTACT solutions.

The computational cost of calling creep forces from KBTNH has been estimated by comparing CPU time of FASTSIM and KBTNH. The KBTNH is 7.8–51 times faster than FASTSIM working on 36–256 discretisation elements, respectively.

In the example of application, the KBTNH has been applied for curving simulations and results compared with those obtained with the creep force generator employing the elliptical regularisation. The results significantly differ, especially in predicted creepages, because the elliptical regularisation neglects generation of the longitudinal creep force by spin creepage.     

基于虚拟应力场法的船舶避让与控制

为了实现船舶在航道内的避障,应用虚拟力场法建立了避障模型,描述了目标点的虚拟引力和障碍物的虚拟斥力之间的关系及其功能设计,实现了从船舶运动坐标值到控制量的转变,结果证明．船舶能够在多变的周边环境中实现避障功能。     

地震作用下钢筋混凝土桥墩抗倒塌性能研究

为研究混凝土桥墩的结构抗震性能,进行了单墩多自由度体系非线性静力推倒分析、非线性动力分析、增量动力分析。分别采用纤维模型中分布塑性铰和集中塑性铰两种建模方法,建立单墩有限元模型,利用Open Sees软件中的Hysteretic滞回模型考虑各种累积损伤的影响。