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71.
Stephen D. Boyles 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》2012,46(1):139-155
Subnetwork analysis is often used in traffic assignment problems to reduce the size of the network being analyzed, with a corresponding decrease in computation time. This is particularly important in network design, second-best pricing, or other bilevel problems in which many equilibrium runs must be solved as a subproblem to a master optimization program. A fixed trip table based on an equilibrium path flow solution is often used, but this ignores important attraction and diversion effects as drivers (globally) change routes in response to (local) subnetwork changes. This paper presents an approach for replacing a regional network with a smaller one, containing all of the subnetwork, and zones. Artificial arcs are created to represent “all paths” between each origin and subnetwork boundary node, under the assumption that the set of equilibrium routes does not change. The primary contribution of the paper is a procedure for estimating a cost function on these artificial arcs, using derivatives of the equilibrium travel times between the end nodes to create a Taylor series. A bush-based representation allows rapid calculation of these derivatives. Two methods for calculating these derivatives are presented, one based on network transformations and resembling techniques used in the analysis of resistive circuits, and another based on iterated solution of a nested set of linear equations. These methods are applied to two networks, one small and artificial, and the other a regional network representing the Austin, Texas metropolitan area. These demonstrations show substantial improvement in accuracy as compared to using a fixed table, and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach. 相似文献
72.
Bi Yu Chen William H.K. Lam Agachai SumaleeQingquan Li Zhi-Chun Li 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2012,46(3):501-516
To assess the vulnerability of congested road networks, the commonly used full network scan approach is to evaluate all possible scenarios of link closure using a form of traffic assignment. This approach can be computationally burdensome and may not be viable for identifying the most critical links in large-scale networks. In this study, an “impact area” vulnerability analysis approach is proposed to evaluate the consequences of a link closure within its impact area instead of the whole network. The proposed approach can significantly reduce the search space for determining the most critical links in large-scale networks. In addition, a new vulnerability index is introduced to examine properly the consequences of a link closure. The effects of demand uncertainty and heterogeneous travellers’ risk-taking behaviour are explicitly considered. Numerical results for two different road networks show that in practice the proposed approach is more efficient than traditional full scan approach for identifying the same set of critical links. Numerical results also demonstrate that both stochastic demand and travellers’ risk-taking behaviour have significant impacts on network vulnerability analysis, especially under high network congestion and large demand variations. Ignoring their impacts can underestimate the consequences of link closures and misidentify the most critical links. 相似文献
73.
为探究圭嘎拉高海拔隧道施工人员体力劳动强度水平,评价施工工序劳动强度,选择圭嘎拉隧道进口段(海拔4 300 m)及1#斜井段(海拔4 560 m)的施工人员作为测试对象,分别测量不同工序下施工人员的生理指标(心率、血氧饱和度、耗氧量)。基于耗氧量计算能量代谢率,进而计算各工序的劳动强度指数。结果表明: 1)260 m的海拔高差造成的施工综合劳动强度指数差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05); 2)二次衬砌钢筋绑扎是所测施工工序中劳动强度最大的工序,该工序下施工人员的心率、血氧饱和度和平均能量代谢率都出现超过卫生限值的情况,劳动强度指数达到35(极重); 3)海拔为4 300~4 560 m时,隧道各施工工序劳动强度大部分为中度-极重度。 相似文献
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要对教师教学质量作出客观、公正、公平的评价,必须从学生评价、同行评价和专家评价三方面进行。其中,学生评价是最主要的方面。通过采用主成分分析法,可以筛选、合并各评价指标,提高评价指标质量,达到优化高职教师教学质量评价指标体系的目的。 相似文献
77.
浅谈公路工程估算编制的新规则 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
新的《公路工程基本建设项目投资估算编制办法》和《公路工程估算指标》自2012年1月1日正式实施。取代1996编办和指标,针对估算编制的新规则,分析总结新旧差异,为以后估算编制工作提供指导。 相似文献
78.
提出了一种基于MMG和船舶领域的LSP计算模型,以及改进的空间碰撞危险度(space collision risk index,SCRI)/时间碰撞危险度(time collision risk index,TCRI)模型,并进行了计算机仿真.结果表明:水动力模型精度可满足研究与实践要求;基于二分法的LSP模型能快速、可靠收敛;LSP和SCRI/TCRI模型更符合海员通常做法和避碰规则的公认理解. 相似文献
79.
出海路祖山至马蹄岭段主要为水泥混凝土路面,路段经过12年的运营各种病害发展迅速.2012年4月通过咨询、调查、收集、测试等手段,对该路段气象水文、交通组成、养护维修历史、路面结构、路面检测指标、路面病害种类、桥涵情况进行了详细调查,获得了真实可靠的资料,为大修方案的确定提供了依据. 相似文献
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