Optimal placement of omnidirectional sensors in a transportation network for effective emergency response and crash characterization

Rapid motor vehicle crash detection and characterization is possible through the use of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and sensors are an integral part of any ITS system. The major focus of this paper is on developing optimal placement of accident detecting omnidirectional sensors to maximize incident detection capabilities and provide ample opportunities for data fusion and crash characterization. Both omnidirectional sensors (placed in suitable infrastructure locations) and mobile sensors are part of our analysis. The surrogates used are acoustic sensors (omnidirectional) and Advanced Automated Crash Notification (AACN) sensors (mobile). This data fusion rich placement is achieved through a hybrid optimization model comprising of an explicit–implicit coverage model followed by an evaluation and local search optimization using simulation. The compound explicit–implicit model delivers good initial solutions and improves the detection and data fusion capabilities compared to the explicit model alone. The results of the studies conducted quantify the use of a data fusion capable environment in crash detection scenarios, and the simulation tool developed helps a decision maker evaluate sensor placement strategy.     

Plate scanning tools to obtain travel times in traffic networks

The management of vehicle travel times has been shown to be fundamental to traffic network analysis. To collect travel time measurement, some methods focus solely on isolated links or highway segments, and where two measurement points, at the beginning and at the end of a section, are deemed sufficient to evaluate users' travel time. However, in many cases, transport studies involve networks in which the problem is more complex. This article takes advantage of the plate scanning technique to propose an algorithm that minimizes the required number of registering devices and their location in order to identify vehicles candidates to compute the travel times of a given set of routes (or subroutes). The merits of the proposed method are explained using simple examples and are illustrated by its application to the real network of Ciudad Real.     

Travel time estimation oriented freeway sensor placement problem considering sensor failure

Optimal sensor placement on freeway corridor is of great interest to transportation authorities. However, current traffic sensors are easily subject to various failures. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate sensor failure into the optimal sensor placement model. In this article, a two-stage stochastic model is proposed for the purpose of travel time estimation on freeway corridor. To balance the effectiveness and reliability, a stochastic conditional value at risk (CVaR) model is also proposed. Since both models are too complicated, a customized genetic algorithm is developed. Numerical experiments show that considering sensor failure makes a significant performance improvement in the sensor placement pattern. Sensitivity analysis is also applied to investigate the impact of a number of allowable sensors and different traffic sensor failure probability.     

浅议高职语文教学所面临的问题及其对策

高职院校培养的是适应当前及未来社会发展需求的高素质应用性专门人才,客观上要求毕业生应具备较好的汉语阅读、口语、书面语和汉字书写等语文基本技能。但由于种种原因,目前高职院校在培养和提高学生这些素质方面存在不少问题,文章对此作了分析,并提出相应的对策。     

厦门地铁2号线钻探工程海上通航安全评估

依据港口通航现状、港口发展规划、附近海域船舶交通现况,分析通航安全形势,预测厦门轨道交通2号线跨海路段施工期间,船舶交通流可能的变化和通航环境、通航秩序的适应能力,论证在施工期间存在的通航安全风险、主要问题及通航安全保障能力,并提出保障通航安全的可行性建议和措施.     

基于动态聚簇结构的无线传感网络在海上通信中的应用

无线传感网络在海上无线通信系统中的应用越来越广泛,而受到海上环境的影响,网络的能量消耗及生命周期是衡量海上无线传感网络最重要的性能参数。传统无线传感网络的数据传输在单个节点之间进行传递,效率较低,而现有的基于簇结构的无线传感网络,把传感网络中的所有传感器节点按照一定的逻辑结构进行划分,增加了系统的传输效率。本文在研究现有的无线传感网络基础上,提出一种基于动态聚簇结构的无线传感网络,并进行仿真。     

基于无线传感器网络的运动目标检测动态聚类图

有效的目标跟踪需要积极的传感器节点对运动目标群实行跟踪。与单目标跟踪相比,聚类在效能上有显著提高。本文提出准确的相干和非相干运动模式下目标的聚类,采用隐式动态时间框架来评估在创建连接组件加权图的目标关系史。该算法采用目标跟踪中定位算法的关键特征,即估计当前和预测的位置来确定移动目标的方向和距离的关系。模拟结果显示,通过动态调整历史窗口大小和预测目标之间的关系,可以显著提高聚类的准确性并减少运算时间。     

公路预应力梁板常见施工质量问题的防治对策

介绍预应力梁板施工中常见的质量问题,分析其原因,并给出相应的防治措施。     

一种单片机控制的水温测试系统

由于现代多样的电子控制技术和电子控制理论的迅猛发展,高精度的机械在各类工业控制系统、生产线等方面的需求越来越大.其中以单片机为核心实现的数字控制器,因其体积小、简便易行等优点,而被广泛应用于各行各业.本文将单片机的温度控制系统作为设计核心,通过温度传感器、单片机等软件系统图,并利用软件编程,从而达到实现水温控制的目的....     

基于MapBasic的战时运输最优路径问题研究

战时运输最优路径问题是一个多目标多约束随机动态路网寻优问题。在分析战时运输最优路径问题特性前提下,着重研究战时运输路阻函数模型,求出时间阻抗、风险阻抗和费用阻抗,标定阻抗参数μ1,μ2和μ3,及确定函数模型的MapBasic表达,在给出最优路径模型基础上,利用改进的Dijkstra算法求解。实例验证表明研究成果满足实用要求。