船舶安全评价探讨

长江港口通过多年大规模的建设,已成为沿江综合运输体系的重要枢纽,承担了沿江能源、外贸物资、石油、集装箱、煤、矿石等货物的运输任务。近十几年来是长江港口基础设施投入资金最多,基础设施建设最快,港口结构调整成效显著,港口吞吐量增长迅速,科技含量、管理水平和人员素质迅速提升的时期,港口建设取得了巨大的成就,港口综合竞争力明显提高。如何综合考核港口发展状况是当前的一项重要课题。     

The impact of high-speed technology on railway demand

This paper estimates a passenger railway demand function to analyse effects arising from the introduction and use of high-speed technologies. The paper reports estimates of demand elasticities with respect to price, income, quality of service and a range of exogenous characteristics. The results show that travel time savings from conventional high-speed technology have a larger impact on passenger demand than tilting train technology. The introduction of conventional high-speed technology is associated with an 8% increase in passenger railway demand. Increasing the use of either type of high-speed technology appears to induce small positive effects on demand beyond those obtained from usual traffic density increases on non-high-speed existing technology.

矿粉稳定级配碎石在路面垫层中的应用研究

通过完善垫层材料配合比的设计、比较掺加适量矿粉和未掺加矿粉的卵碎石级配碎石混合料性能及加强路面垫层现场施工质量管控等方法,确定掺加适量矿粉的级配碎石混合料具有更好的路用性能,既可使高速公路路面具有更坚实、稳定的基础,又能更好地防止或缓解路面因路基反射裂缝和路基渗水导致的路面破坏,从而可提高公路的使用寿命。     

朔黄铁路POC语音调度系统服务质量测试方法研究

POC语音调度系统在朔黄铁路运营生产中发挥了重要作用,本文为朔黄POC语音调度系统设计了一种语音服务质量评价指标体系,并详细描述了各指标的计算公式和测试方法,为朔黄铁路LTE系统服务质量检测评价提供指导和支撑。     

Competition and public service obligations in European aviation markets

This paper analyzes the effect of universal service policies on the airline markets of five European Union countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) in the period 2002–2010. Results show that airfare discount schemes for island residents raise demand and positively affect competition and the number of flights at the route level. These effects are evident in France and Italy, but are particularly marked in Spain. By contrast, public service obligations (PSOs) reduce competition on the protected routes, while their effect on the number of flights differs depending on national regulations. In Spain, routes protected with PSOs have greater flight frequencies than those on unprotected routes of similar characteristics, but in France, Italy and the UK the opposite result is found. The empirical model also finds that on routes with low-cost airlines market concentration is smaller and there is a larger number of flights. This result is relevant for the design of universal service policy, since in recent years low-cost airlines have entered a number of thin routes and have increased access to air transportation.     

国标《道路货物运输服务质量评定》的研究与制定

国标《道路货物运输服务质量评定》的研究和制定对于规范物流市场,实现物流服务标准化具有重要意义。     

高寒冻融环境下隧道结构服役性能预测模型

为分析高寒大温差冻融环境对公路隧道衬砌结构长期服役性能的影响, 采用现场测试方法得到了姜路岭隧道洞口温度变化规律, 基于室内冻融循环试验拟合了冻融环境下衬砌混凝土力学性能劣化计算公式, 应用荷载结构法建立了高寒冻融环境下衬砌结构服役性能的时空预测模型。研究结果表明: 铺设厚度为5cm、导热系数为0.03 W·(m·℃)^-1的保温层后, 姜路岭隧道1年内经历的等效室内冻融循环次数从8下降为0.32;无保温层且混凝土饱水条件下, 5、10、15、20年后拱脚处截面安全系数相对于刚服役时分别降低了0.6%、23.7%、41.1%、69.8%, 二次衬砌服役20年后安全系数已不能满足结构承载的要求; 铺设厚度为5cm、导热系数为0.03 W·(m·℃)^-1的保温层后, 二次衬砌服役100年后安全系数仍能够满足承载要求。可见冻融循环的剧烈程度对衬砌结构长期服役性能影响显著, 保温层能有效改善混凝土的冻融环境。     

城际铁路公交化运营客服系统研究

我国城市群的建设在快速推进中,区域协调发展需要交通支持,京津冀城市群是其中的重要发展区域,提出了"交通先行"的发展理念。轨道交通是区域交通的骨干方式,在多层次轨道交通系统中,城际铁路是服务于城市群内公共交通出行的重要交通方式,目前国内运营的城际铁路主要采用传统大铁制式,从运输组织到运营方式都与干线铁路类似。但在这种模式下,由于受到运营理念及管理制度等体制限制,以及信号系统、售检票系统等硬件限制,运输组织以及车站乘客组织等难以满足城市间大量乘客频繁出行的需求,需要采用公交化运营以符合这种高频率人物交换的发展趋势。因此,结合城市轨道交通公交化运营方法,并考虑城际铁路运营的特点需求,通过对运输组织模式、售检票系统、站台候车组织模式、动车组及站台门系统进行研究,形成城际铁路公交化运营客服系统。     

Walking accessibility and property prices

Walking is an imperative travel mode, especially for short trips. Walking accessibility, which is defined as the ease of reaching essential destinations in the walk-in catchment area, may affect property prices because residents are more likely to be willing to pay for this attribute. In addition, different categories of public services may have varied influencing directions and magnitude. These two hypotheses are tested in this study. Taking Xiamen, China as a case study, we estimate the cumulative opportunities of public services on foot and develop a set of hedonic pricing models (more specifically, two pre-specified ordinary least squares models, four Box-Cox transformed models, and two spatial econometric models) to estimate, whether and to what extent, walking accessibility contributes to price premiums (or discounts). Using a database of 22,586 second-hand residential properties in 358 multi- or high-storey residential complexes, we find that (1) walking accessibility to public services contributes to the variations in housing prices and plays a role in determining housing prices; (2) different categories of services have vastly divergent, even opposite, influencing impacts; and (3) walking accessibility to primary schools, commercial centers, and sports and cultural centers have positive effects on house prices whereas walking accessibility to comprehensive hospitals adversely affects housing prices. Methodologically, we confirm that spatial econometric methods improve estimation accuracy and have more explanatory power relative to the standard non-spatial models. Robustness check analysis further guarantees the plausibility of this study.     

Liner shipping network design with emission control areas: A genetic algorithm-based approach

To curb emissions, containerized shipping lines face the traditional trade-off between cost and emissions (CO₂ and SO_x) reduction. This paper considers this element in the context of liner service design and proposes a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model based on a multi-commodity pickup and delivery arc-flow formulation. The objective is to maximize the profit by selecting the ports to be visited, the sequence of port visit, the cargo flows between ports, as well as the number/operating speeds of vessels on each arc of the selected route. The problem also considers that Emission Control Areas (ECAs) exist in the liner network and accounts for the vessel carrying capacity. In addition to using the MILP solver of CPLEX, we develop in the paper a specific genetic algorithm (GA) based heuristic and show that it gives the possibility to reach an optimal solution when solving large size instances.