营盘路江底大跨隧道施工安全性分析

以长沙市营盘路湘江隧道西岸南线A型大跨段为实例,对复杂条件下浅埋大跨江底隧道的施工安全性进行具体分析。研究结果表明:在未采取任何地表加固措施的条件下,采用双侧壁导坑法进行南线A型大跨施工时,地表沉降达72mm;临时支撑拆除时,初期支护轴力、弯矩和剪力增大明显,结构不能满足安全要求,还需采取加固措施。     

城市轨道交通隧道空间综合利用研究

在轨道交通网络化的形势下,从集约化利用地下空间的角度出发,探索如何利用城市轨道交通区间隧道的剩余空间,铺设市政管线。研究了3种不同形式的区间隧道(双圆隧道、单圆隧道、矩形隧道)内铺设管线的方式,并分析了外来管线对隧道的影响,提出了解决方案。     

A multi-objective approach for Dynamic Airspace Sectorization using agent based and geometric models

A key limitation when accommodating the continuing air traffic growth is the fixed airspace structure including sector boundaries. The geometry of sectors has stayed relatively constant despite the fact that route structures and demand have changed dramatically over the past decade. Dynamic Airspace Sectorization is a concept where the airspace is redesigned dynamically to accommodate changing traffic demands. Various methods have been proposed to dynamically partition the airspace to accommodate the traffic growth while satisfying other sector constraints and efficiency metrics. However, these approaches suffer from several operational drawbacks, and their computational complexity increases fast as the airspace size and traffic volume increase. In this paper, we evaluate and identify the gaps in existing 3D sectorization methods, and propose an improved Agent Based Model (iABM) to address these gaps. We also propose three additional models using KD-Tree, Bisection and Voronoi Diagrams in 3D, to partition the airspace to satisfy the convexity constraint and reduce computational cost. We then augment these methods with a multi-objective optimization approach that uses four objectives: minimizing the variance of controller workload across the sectors, maximizing the average sector flight time, and minimizing the distance between sector boundaries and the traffic flow crossing points. Experimental results show that iABM has the best performance on workload balancing, but it is restrictive when it comes to the convexity constraint. Bisection- and Voronoi Diagram-based models perform worse than iABM on workload balancing but better on average sector flight time, and they can satisfy the convexity constraint. The KD-tree-based model has a lower computational cost, but with a poor performance on the given objectives.     

船闸短廊道和三角门门缝联合输水的水力计算

结合依托的船闸工程,提出了短廊道和三角门门缝联合输水的水力计算方法,并通过对输水系统的水力计算分析,确定了阀门处廊道断面尺寸,提出了具体的输水系统布置,确定了输水阀门的开启方式。建立了短廊道和三角门门缝联合输水的输水过程数学模型,并采用该数学模型计算了船闸输水水力特性。水力特性计算结果表明,进行输水系统布置时,将短廊道和三角门门缝分开考虑进行计算分析是合适的,各项水力特征值满足设计和规范要求,并且该输水方式可提高船闸运行效率。     

基于FCM-粗糙集的多扇区交通拥挤识别方法研究

通过分析管制扇区交通时空拥挤特征,基于雷达航迹数据建立了多扇区交通拥挤识别模型.建立当量交通量、接近度、饱和度、交通密度4个多扇区拥挤特征指标,采用FCM(模糊C均值聚类算法)和粗糙集理论,对扇区拥挤程度进行划分和识别,并以中南地区区域管制扇区数据进行了实例验证.实验结果表明,扇区的拥挤态势受扇区多种宏观和微观特征的共同影响,且拥挤识别模型计算可行、识别效率较高.多扇区交通拥挤识别对空域规划、空管辅助决策、空中交通流量管理具有一定的应用价值.     

Biofuels in aviation: Fuel demand and CO2 emissions evolution in Europe toward 2030

This article presents the results of a scenario-based study carried out at the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre aimed at analyzing the future growth of aviation, the resulting fuel demand and the deployment of biofuels in the aviation sector in Europe. Three scenarios have been produced based on different input assumptions and leading to different underlying patterns of growth and resulting volumes of traffic. Data for aviation growth and hence fuel demand have been projected on a year by year basis up to 2030, using 2010 as the baseline. Data sources are Eurostat statistics and actual flight information from EUROCONTROL. Relevant variables such as the number of flights, the type of aircrafts, passengers or cargo tonnes and production indicators (RPKs) are used together with fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions data. The target of the European Advanced Biofuels Flightpath to ensure the commercialization and consumption of 2 million tons of sustainably produced paraffinic biofuels in the aviation sector by 2020, has also been taken into account. Results regarding CO₂ emission projections to 2030, reveal a steady annual increase in the order of 3%, 1% and 4% on average, for the three different scenarios, providing also a good correlation compared to the annual traffic growth rates that are indicated in the three corresponding scenarios. In absolute values, these ratios correspond to the central, the pessimistic and the optimistic scenarios respectively, corresponding to 360 million tonnes CO₂ emissions in 2030, ranging from 271 to 401 million tonnes for the pessimistic and optimistic scenarios, respectively. This article also reports on the supply potential of aviation biofuels (clustered in HEFA/HVOs and biojet) based on the production capacity of facilities around the world and provides an insight on the current and future trends in aviation based on the European and national policies, innovations and state-of-the art technologies that will influence the future of sustainable fuels in aviation.     

Decomposition analysis of energy-related carbon emissions from the transportation sector in Beijing

In the process of rapid development and urbanization in Beijing, identifying the potential factors of carbon emissions in the transportation sector is an important prerequisite to controlling carbon emissions. Based on the expanded Kaya identity, we built a multivariate generalized Fisher index (GFI) decomposition model to measure the influence of the energy structure, energy intensity, output value of per unit traffic turnover, transportation intensity, economic growth and population size on carbon emissions from 1995 to 2012 in the transportation sector of Beijing. Compared to most methods used in previous studies, the GFI model possesses the advantage of eliminating decomposition residuals, which enables it to display better decomposition characteristics (Ang et al., 2004). The results show: (i) The primary positive drivers of carbon emissions in the transportation sector include the economic growth, energy intensity and population size. The cumulative contribution of economic growth to transportation carbon emissions reaches 334.5%. (ii) The negative drivers are the transportation intensity and energy structure, while the transportation intensity is the main factor that restrains transportation carbon emissions. The energy structure displays a certain inhibition effect, but its inhibition is not obvious. (iii) The contribution rate of the output value of per unit traffic turnover on transportation carbon emissions appears as a flat “M”. To suppress the growth of carbon emissions in transportation further, the government of Beijing should take the measures of promoting the development of new energy vehicles, limiting private vehicles’ increase and promoting public transportation, evacuating non-core functions of Beijing and continuingly controlling population size.     

北塬隧道浅埋软弱围岩段施工技术

北塬隧道DK6＋ 200～ DK6＋ 700段围岩呈破碎浅埋、土石分界、节理发育的分布情况.通过明洞浅埋段增做工作面的可行性分析,介绍了在复杂不良地质条件下,隧道明洞浅埋段与主洞施工方案的确定与优化,施工工艺与几项关键施工技术.简述了地质超前预报与监控量测措施,为同类工程施工提供了借鉴.     

中高水头船闸三角门流固耦合动力特性分析

船闸三角门考虑流固耦合作用下的自振特性是分析闸门流激振动的关键因素。采用空间有限元数值模拟,分析得到了三角闸门在不同水位条件下的自振频率和振型模态。计算表明,流固耦合作用对闸门自振特性的影响,总是使闸门的自振频率下降,振型模态也相应发生转变。在计算分析的基础上,对船闸三角门的安全运行操作提出了合理化建议。     

基于Simulink的天线扫描仿真

介绍了雷达天线的扫描特点，根据雷达搜索和跟踪的特点对扇形扫描和圆锥扫描进行了重点分析；对使用的仿真工具Simulink进行了简要说明，并在此基础上详细讨论了天线扫描特性仿真中用到的Simulink模块，给出了具体的参数设置。最后给出了扇形扫描和圆锥扫描的仿真结果。