航母编队掩护幕内防空舰艇阵位仿真研究

通过研究一种航母编队掩护幕内防李舰艇的阵位确定方法,对航母编队防空区域划分与防空作战过程进行分析,总结航母编队掩护幕内防空舰艇阵位确定的原则,建立掩护幕内防空舰艇阵位的数学模型,仿真计算模型中各个参数对掩护幕内防空舰艇前出距离的影响,确定掩护幕内防空舰艇的前出距离和方位.     

Normal and shear forces in the contact patch of a braked racing tyre. Part 1: results from a finite-element model

In this first part of a two-part article, a previously described and validated finite-element model of a racing-car tyre is developed further to yield detailed information on carcass deflections and contact pressure and shear stress distributions for a steady rolling, slipping, and cambered tyre. Variations in running conditions simulated include loads of 1500, 3000 and 4500 N, camber angles of 0° and ?3°, and longitudinal slips from 0% to?20%. Special attention is paid to heavy braking, in which context the aligning moment is of great interest. Results generated are in broad agreement with limited experimental results from the literature and they provide considerable insight into how the tyre deforms and how the contact stresses are distributed as functions of the running conditions. Generally, each rib of the tyre behaves differently from the others, especially when the wheel is cambered. The results form a basis for the development of a simpler physical tyre model, the purpose of which is to retain accuracy over the full operating range while demanding much less computational resource. The physical tyre model is the topic of the second part of the article.     

Tangential force variation due to the bogie direction reversal procedure

A range of tangential forces is generated within the contact patch when a wheelset moves on the rail. These forces are intensified when incorporating curved tracks and motored axle rail vehicles [Arrus, P., de Pater, A.D. and Meyers, P., 2002, The stationary motion of a one-axle vehicle along a circular curve with real rail and wheel profiles. Vehicle System Dynamics, 37(1), 29–58]. The wheelset is subject to flange contact if an unbalanced force remains in a curve towards the high rail gauge face. The resultant force in the transverse direction includes the lateral force, the radial force, and the creep forces in addition to the effect of the frequent wheelset displacement due to the kinematic oscillation [Iwnicki, S., 2003, Simulation of wheel–rail contact forces. Fatigue Fracture Engineering Material Structure, 26, 887–900]. This article has focused on a potential variation in some of the forces cited when the wheelset is subject to backward and forward movements. A severe wear rate observed within the wheel flange region in Iranian Railways was investigated by operating a test bogie on a curvaceous track. An obvious improvement in the wear rate and wear pattern of the wheels was attained when the second test bogie encountered a bogie direction reversal procedure. This enhancement is considered in this article from the force analysis standpoint.     

温度对盐渍土抗剪强度和变形特性的影响

为了明确因冻结温度和结晶差异造成的温度对盐渍土抗剪强度和变形特性的影响，以高含盐量和不同盐分类型的盐渍土为研究对象开展试验研究。首先，选用青藏高原察尔汗-格尔木高速公路沿线采集的含盐量为10%~36%的氯盐含量高、硫酸盐含量低的盐渍土土样（HC-1，HC-2）和硫酸盐含量较高而氯盐含量较低的盐渍土土样（CS）3种高含盐量盐渍土作为试验土样，对3种土样进行冻结温度试验，验证其降温至-20℃时，土体不会发生冻结。其次，在5个不同控制温度（-20℃、-10℃、0℃、10℃和20℃）下，分别进行盐渍土直剪试验以得出温度与抗剪强度参数关系函数。最后，分析温度对抗剪强度和弹性模量的影响，同时，利用数值拟合建立考虑温度影响下的盐渍土抗剪强度和切线弹性模量公式。研究结果表明：当温度由20℃降低至-10℃，3种盐渍土的抗剪强度和初始切线弹性模量均增大后趋于峰值，而随温度继续降低至-20℃后，HC-1和HC-2土样指标呈下降趋势，CS土样各参数结果却趋于稳定；不同含盐类型的盐渍土，温度对其破坏比R_f的影响也不同；在温度由20℃降至-20℃的过程中，HC土样的R_f在-10℃出现峰值，且在较低荷载（100 kPa）下，呈现出先增大后减小的特点，在较高荷载（200，300，400 kPa）下呈现出先增大后趋缓的特点；CS土样的R_f在20℃~10℃、10℃~-10℃和-10℃~-20℃降温段呈现出先增大中趋缓后减小的分段式变化特点。     

地铁车站结构截面控制内力计算分析

目前，在地铁车站结构设计中，一般采用将荷载满布到结构模型进行内力分析，并未考虑不同活载布置对结构内力的影响，从而导致部分截面设计存在安全隐患。文章以成都地铁3号线一期工程红牌楼南站结构模型为例，运用MIDASGEN有限元分析软件对不同活载布置下结构的内力进行比较，得出地铁车站各截面控制内力所对应的活载布置，为地铁车站结构设计提供借鉴。     

Simulation of dynamic interaction between train and railway turnout

Dynamic train–track interaction is more complex in railway turnouts (switches and crossings) than that in ordinary tangent or curved tracks. Multiple contacts between wheel and rail are common, and severe impact loads with broad frequency contents are induced, when nominal wheel–rail contact conditions are disturbed because of the continuous variation in rail profiles and the discontinuities in the crossing panel. The absence of transition curves at the entry and exit of the turnout, and the cant deficiency, leads to large wheel–rail contact forces and passenger discomfort when the train is switching into the turnout track. Two alternative multibody system (MBS) models of dynamic interaction between train and a standard turnout design are developed. The first model is derived using a commercial MBS software. The second model is based on a multibody dynamics formulation, which may account for the structural flexibility of train and track components (based on finite element models and coordinate reduction methods). The variation in rail profile is accounted for by sampling the cross-section of each rail at several positions along the turnout. Contact between the back of the wheel flange and the check rail, when the wheelset is steered through the crossing, is considered. Good agreement in results from the two models is observed when the track model is taken as rigid.     

Mathematical modelling of train–turnout interaction

The paper proposes a mathematical model of train–turnout interaction in the mid-frequency range (0–500 Hz). The model accounts for the effects of rail profile variation along the track and of local variation of track flexibility. The proposed approach is able to represent the condition of one wheel being simultaneously in contact with more than one rail, allowing the accurate prediction of the effect of wheels being transferred from one rail to another when passing over the switch toe and the crossing nose. Comprehensive results of train–turnout interaction during the negotiation of the main and the branch lines are presented, including the effect of wear of wheel/rail profiles and presence of track misalignment. In the final part of the paper, comparisons are performed between the results of numerical simulations and line measurements performed on two different turnouts for urban railway lines, showing a good agreement between experimental and numerical results.     

全长粘结岩锚抗拔受力特性

根据锚杆与锚固浆之间界面耦合机理,分析了岩锚抗拔状态下界面剪应力的分布特征。基于变形协调得出小荷载情况下界面剪应力随离锚固受力点距离的增大成指数衰减,并随荷载增加,界面出现4个变形段,分离段和残余变形段随着塑性区开展产生非耦应力向远端传递。耦合区界面剪应力分布与小荷载情况不同,其相关模量参数可采用综合折减系数表示。同时,提出了单孔多锚杆受力剪应力衰减模型,并通过试验证示了现场锚杆在荷载逐级加大时,剪应力峰值强度的变化规律。     

Numerical simulation of wave-induced nonlinear motions of a two-dimensional floating body by the moving particle semi-implicit method

The moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method was applied to compute nonlinear motions of a floating body influenced by the water on deck. To compute the motions of a rigid body, the fluid pressure at the position of each particle on the body surface was directly integrated in space and the equations of translational and rotational motions were integrated in time to determine the correct position of the rigid-body surface at each time step of the time-domain calculation. The performance of this method was validated through a comparison with measured results in an experiment that was newly conducted using a model of a box-shaped floating body with a small freeboard. Although the overall agreement was good, some discrepancies were observed for a shorter wave period, especially for the drift motion in sway. The effect of numerical resolution on the results was checked by changing the number of particles. With a higher number of particles, no obvious improvement was seen in the global body motions, but the resolution of the local free-surface profile, including the water on deck, was improved.     

基于微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积(MICP)改善淤泥质土强度

采用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积(MICP)对淤泥质土进行处理,用于提高淤泥质土的强度。以武汉东湖淤泥为研究对象,对MICP改性淤泥质土进行快剪试验与固结快剪试验。试验结果表明:MICP改性淤泥质土能增大淤泥质土的内摩擦角,对其黏聚力改变较小;MICP改性淤泥质土,胶结液浓度在1mol/L时对土体内摩擦角提高效果最好,快剪试验中MICP改性淤泥质土的内摩擦角从素土的8.54°提升至23.18°,提升了171.4%;固结快剪试验中MICP改性淤泥质土的摩擦角从15.96°提升至25.36°,提升了58.9%;MICP改性淤泥质土,生成碳酸盐沉积把土体小颗粒胶结成大颗粒,提高了土体大颗粒的质量分数。