A conceptual framework for cooperation in hinterland development between neighbouring seaport authorities

The hinterland of a port is probably the most important aspect in the competition between gateway ports. This paper, starting with a literature overview, shows how the port authority can extend its hinterland with the aim of increasing its attractiveness and, eventually, its throughput. To achieve this, it can be advantageous to cooperate with adjacent port authorities. Together, through cooperation, economies of scale can be realised that facilitate a modal shift away from road to a more efficient and more sustainable transport. This would reduce the cost of transport to/from the hinterland region from/to these ports consequently increasing the attractiveness and the market share of the cooperating ports for this region. The paper describes a conceptual method to identify and quantify the opportunities for cooperation in the hinterland. The framework starts, after some basic transport economic concepts, from (theoretically available) hinterland data to locate regions that are at the edge of the contested hinterland of a port region and results in a methodology that can be used to generate a quantified list of regions where cooperation will make a difference. Using this methodology, port authorities (PAs), of any region where hinterland data are available, can list, together with their neighbours, the regions where to prioritise their efforts.     

Estimating heterogeneity of car travelers on mode shifting behavior based on discrete choice models

In order to understand the mode shift behavior of car travelers and relieve traffic congestion, a Stated Preference survey has been conducted in the city of Ji'nan in China to analyze bus choice behavior and the heterogeneity of car travelers. Several discrete choice models, including multinomial logit, mixed logit and latent class model (LCM) are developed based on these survey data. A comparative analysis indicates that the LCM has the highest precision and is more suitable to analyze the heterogeneity of car travelers. The LCM divides car travelers into three classes. Different classes have different sets of influencing factors in the model. Policy recommendations are also proposed for those classes to promote bus shift from car travelers based on the model results. Finally, sensitivity analysis on parking fees and fuel cost is carried out on the LCMs under different bus service levels. Car travelers have different sensitivities to the influencing factors. The conclusions indicate that the LCM can reflect the heterogeneity and preferences of car travelers and can be used to understand how to shift the behavior of car travelers and make more effective traffic policy.     

精冲拨叉疲劳寿命计算方法研究

文章介绍一种对DCT(冲压+焊接)拨叉的疲劳寿命计算方法。解决了在无准确的材料S-N曲线的情况下,依据材料的常用性能参数(屈服强度Rp0.2和抗拉强度Rm)近似绘制在不同可靠度下的S-N曲线,基于此曲线对某款DCT产品的拨叉进行疲劳寿命的计算,同时通过试验验证计算结果的可信性,保证在满足产品疲劳寿命要求的前提下,实现产品小型化和轻量化。     

广州地铁车站自动排班系统

为了提高地铁车站排班效率和排班质量,广州地铁公司研发了车务信息管理平台(TNS),实现地铁车站通过计算机自动排班。文章介绍广州地铁车站自动排班系统架构、自动排班原则和系统实现形式。     

Inland transportation system planning by life-cycle impact assessment: a case study. 2nd report: single comparison index

A model to estimate and compare the ecological impact and economic feasibility of a land transportation system (trucks) and a marine transportation system (cargo ships) was developed and presented in a previous report.¹ Three different comparison indices—environmental, economic, and customer service—were used to evaluate and compare their ecological impacts and determine their economic superiority. In this article, a single comparison index is proposed and assessed for the two transportation systems. The estimates were made for nine different routes in Japan. A simple mathematical model of the whole methodology is given. The sensitivity of the weighting factors used in the comparison method was analyzed. The social cost saving in monetary terms through a modal shift is also presented. Received: February 15, 2001 / Accepted: September 19, 2001     

基于深度分层图的虚拟视点合成方法的研究

提出了一种基于深度图分层的虚拟视点合成算法,该方法先采用均值漂移聚类算法将深度图进行分割处理,使得深度图中的对象块有同一深度值,然后对视频信息以及处理后的深度信息进行3D图像转换,再对图像中的空洞进行填充处理,完成了虚拟视点合成。实验结果表明,与通过MVC编码后合成的虚拟视点相比,该方案改进了合成图中对象边缘的质量问题。     

VOLVO 904T65AWD自动变速器不升档故障诊断与排除

AT一直以来作为主流自动变速器,在乘用车及工程车辆上有着广泛的应用,但其结构复杂,对故障诊断与排除的要求比较高。通过介绍自动变速器不升档故障的诊断与排除实例,以期达到对自动变速器故障诊断方法进行总结的目的。     

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为了优化广州地铁四号线大学城南站交通换乘,通过对大学城南站进出站乘客的属性类别和交通转移意向调查,结合有换乘条件下乘客出行总时间与全程使用公共汽车的乘客出行总时间的对比分析,得出大学城南站的接驳时间远远大于有效接驳时间。根据大学城南站的地理位置因素和乘客群体属性,需要采用建设车辆寄存场、增设一般换乘站或搬迁公共汽车停靠站的换乘优化方案,大学城南站换乘优化实施后接驳时间约为3min,约31%的乘客将实现交通方式意向转移。     

汽车座椅移动行李冲击的安全性分析

汽车座椅是乘员安全的关键部件之一,为了提高汽车座椅的安全性能。减少乘员因2次碰撞发生的伤害,在GB15083．2006中新增了对移动行李乘员防护的特殊规定。文章利用有限元方法借助LS．DYNA软件对某汽车座椅进行了移动行李冲击的安全性分析,得到了座椅与车身连接的强度、座椅的变形和前侵量,为该车型的车身和座椅的设计提供了参考,使该车型满足了GB15083．2006的要求。     

老化沥青混合料的松弛模量模型

通过对沥青混合料AC-13C进行5种不同程度老化,然后再进行-5℃条件下的应力松弛试验,研究老化对其应力松弛性能的影响并建立耦合老化程度因子的松弛模量模型。对比不同老化程度沥青混合料的松弛模量曲线,发现老化程度与松弛时间之间存在一定的等效性;基于材料黏度的自由体积理论,通过假设沥青混合料的自由体积分数与老化程度间呈线性关系,研究并建立了沥青混合料的老化程度-松弛时间等效移位因子;对松弛模量主曲线分别采用Burgers模型和不同单元数目的广义Maxwell模型进行非线性拟合,表明广义Maxwell模型在表征松弛模量变化时优于Burgers模型,且单元数越多,拟合精度越高,考虑到拟合精度和参数数目,推荐采用六单元广义Maxwell模型,并建立耦合老化程度因子的松弛模量模型。