侧面柱碰撞的研究

交通事故表明，车辆与柱状物发生侧面碰撞而导致乘员重度伤害的比例较高，因而对侧面柱碰撞的研究是必要的。基于力学理论对这种特殊的侧面碰撞形态进行分析，同时以乘员伤害和车身变形作为指标。对三种不同形式国产轿车的试验结果进行比较。可找出侧面柱碰撞与一般侧面碰撞间的差别，进而为车身侧面结构的改进提供参考依据。     

基于PC-Crash的车-人碰撞事故仿真与分析

基于多刚体动力学仿真分析软件PC—Crash,建立车一人碰撞事故的再现模型,分别对同一工况下汽车有无ABS刹车防抱死制动系统、不同碰撞初速度以及利用随机函数确定汽车与行人的随机参数,进行大量的数字化仿真试验,分析事故发生后人体头部重要器官与车体前部碰撞点以及损伤程度的分布规律。根据分析结果,从汽车生产厂商保护行人的角度改善车身布置结构,提出有价值的参考意见。     

基于撞痕重合的汽车碰撞事故分析方法

对于某些难以确定碰撞地点的汽车碰撞事故,无法应用传统方法进行分析.为此,根据撞痕及最终停车位置等基本勘查信息,应用撞痕重合法再现事故车碰撞时相互啮合的状态.以最终停车位置反推碰撞后事故车质心可能的滑行轨迹,再用优化理论确定事故车碰撞位置.对一起汽车碰撞事故的分析表明,与根据常规二维碰撞理论计算的结果相比,用基于撞痕重合的方法计算的车速误差小于2%.     

侧向撞击作用下U形梁抗倾覆稳定性与失效模式

在对国内外相关规范关于桥梁抗倾覆稳定性计算方法与脱轨荷载调查分析的基础上,计算了U形梁在保持抗倾覆稳定性下的最大侧向碰撞荷载,对比了欧洲规范EN 1991-1-7:2006和TB 10002-2017《铁路桥涵设计规范》中U形梁的抗倾覆稳定性计算式。基于有限元分析方法对腹板侧向承载力进行仿真分析,明确了U形梁在侧向撞击作用下的失效模式。研究结果表明:2种规范计算得到的最大侧向碰撞荷载有所差异,但均大于3.5 MN;列车脱轨情况下的脱轨荷载模式和作用位置对U形梁抗倾覆稳定性的影响显著;U形梁跨中区域加载侧的底板和腹板在侧向位移加载模式下发生了大面积塑性损伤,腹板还发生了明显的侧向变形;U形梁在侧向撞击作用下的失效模式表现为腹板侧向承载力达到极限而发生破坏,通过拟静力分析确定U形梁腹板侧向极限承载力为1.5 MN,结构整体不会倾覆失稳。在设计和使用阶段应对U形梁腹板的损伤和承载力评估予以重点关注。     

UWB技术在船舶避碰系统中的应用

在NLOS环境下分析了超宽带（UWB）信号及信道传输特性,针对信号的传播特性给出了UWB信号应用于船舶避碰的工作原理,确定合适的接收设备以实现信号的可靠接收,从而对两船之间的距离及方向进行实时监测,使工作人员根据判断结果采取一定的避碰措施,保证船舶航行安全.     

柴油机配气机构运动两种视觉仿真方法的比较

柴油机凸轮配气机构的凸轮型线比较复杂，其与运动的挺柱是视觉仿真开发的难点。在开发虚拟维修模块过程中，提出了两种实现配气机构运动学仿真的方法：一是进行理论计算，得到凸轮机构实时位置，然后依此实现视觉仿真，但此种方法占用系统资源较大，运行费时；二是以视觉仿真中碰撞检测技术作为开发手段，实现挺柱与凸轮之间相互作用的表现方法，找出碰撞检测技术的关键点，并且解决了应用这种方法时挺柱等机构出现的抖动问题。最后对两种方法进行了比较，指出后一方法较容易实现。     

海事部门如何在防止船舶碰撞跨海桥梁中发挥有效作用

近年来，特大型桥在我国呈现集中建设的势态，但随着我国经济形势的大发展，船舶流量也大幅增加，船舶碰撞桥梁的几率大大增加，碰撞事故时有发生，造成了巨大的财产和人员损失。研究和预防船舶碰撞大型桥梁成为重要课题摆在我们面前，笔者通过结合国外一些成功经验，对我国海事部门在防止船舶碰撞大型桥梁方面所能发挥的有效作用进行分析，以期在防船舶碰撞桥梁方面作出贡献。     

浅析内河船舶碰撞事故的若干特性

文中提出了内河船舶碰撞事故所具有的一些基本特性，列举了大量具体数据、实例，从事实上进行了详细的分析，并结合水上交通碰撞事故某些个性从管理的基本原理出发加以探析。只有关注和研究船舶碰撞事故特性，才能减少或避免碰撞事故的发生。     

Effectiveness and costs of odor repellents in wildlife–vehicle collisions: A case study in Central Bohemia,Czech Republic

This article summarizes the results of the field tests, when the efficiency and financial costs of the chosen odor repellents to reduce mortality of animals on selected roads and railways in the Czech Republic during the years 2011–2013 were evaluated. The main objective was to determine whether by using repellents it is possible to reduce the number of animals killed and evaluate the return of financial costs that are associated with the application of the repellents. Our results showed that the odor repellents are an effective tool to reduce wildlife–vehicle collision (WVC), and thanks to their application it was possible to reduce the cost of damage to property and reduce the number of killed animals by comparing the years 2011 (without measure) and 2013 (2 years of repellent application) by 37% of the initial loss.     

Experimental and numerical analysis of a tanker side panel laterally punched by a knife edge indenter

The paper presents finite element simulations of a small-scale stiffened plate specimen quasi-statically punched at the mid-span by a rigid indenter, in order to examine its energy absorbing mechanisms and fracture. The specimen, scaled from a tanker side panel, is limited by one span between the web frames and the stringers. The paper provides practical information to estimate the extent of structural damage within ship side panels during collision accidents. Moreover, the results of this investigation should have relevance to evaluate grounding scenarios in which the bottom sustains local penetration. This is possible since the structural arrangement of the double hull and the double bottom of tanker vessels is very similar. The experimentally obtained force–displacement response and shape of the deformation show good agreement with the simulations performed by the explicit LS-DYNA finite element solver. The numerical analysis includes aspects of particular relevance to the behaviour of ship structures subjected to accidental loads which could give rise to difficulties in interpreting finite element calculations. In particular, the paper comments on the material nonlinearities, the importance of specifying the precise boundary conditions and the joining details of the structure. The considerable practical importance of these aspects has been the focus of attention in previous publications of the authors which evaluate the experimental-numerical impact response of simple ship structural components, such as beams and plates. Therefore, this paper uses the definitions proposed in those references to evaluate its applicability in the scaled tanker side panel, as an example of a more complex ship structure.