桥梁上部结构防船撞研究

船舶撞击桥梁上部结构是船撞桥事故模式之一,其撞击特性与撞击桥墩特性相比有所不同。现着重研究了船舶撞击桥梁上部结构的风险分析、撞击力、防撞保护等技术问题,并提出设置警示设施、AIS系统建设、拦截、红外线监测、警戒等防护措施,供通航安全部门参考。     

Participating mass in colliding risers

One of the main challenges in estimating impact energy in collisions between marine risers is the assessment of the riser mass involved in the collision. Evidently the entire riser mass does not contribute to the collision. Hence, the question is: What is the equivalent riser mass which contributes to the impact energy? This article presents three different ways of estimating the riser mass participating in the collision energy. The first method is strictly experimental. The second method uses a numerical experiment together with system identification techniques. The third method is a strictly analytical method, which results in an asymptotically upper bounded estimate of the participating mass. Two risers are examined as case studies. The first riser is a 1 : 100 model scale riser used in collision experiments carried out at Marintek's towing tank in Trondheim, Norway. The second case uses a real world riser in use on the Troll B oil production platform operating in the North Sea. The proposed methods yield consistent and comparable results. Received for publication on Feb. 1, 1999; accepted on July 8, 1999     

载货汽车后下部防护装置的研究

文章介绍了载货汽车车后下部防护装置的相关法规,分析了该装置的现状,进行了碰撞理论研究和相关力学分析,在此基础上,着重介绍了作者自主设计的载货汽车后下部防护装置的结构、工作原理、特点以及主要尺寸的设定方法。     

乘用车后碰撞安全模拟与结构设计研究

针对我国乘用车后碰撞燃油系统安全要求的强制性标准,研究了乘用车后碰撞安全的一般设计方法。通过某车型三厢改两厢的改型开发案例,利用有限元分析方法,分析验证了改型车的燃油系统安全性。从中总结了乘用车后碰撞安全结构设计的一些原则与要点。     

Development of advanced driver assistance systems with vehicle hardware-in-the-loop simulations

This paper presents a new method for the design and validation of advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs). With vehicle hardware-in-the-loop (VEHIL) simulations, the development process, and more specifically the validation phase, of intelligent vehicles is carried out safer, cheaper, and is more manageable. In the VEHIL laboratory, a full-scale ADAS-equipped vehicle is set up in a hardware-in-the-loop simulation environment, where a chassis dynamometer is used to emulate the road interaction and robot vehicles to represent other traffic. In this controlled environment, the performance and dependability of an ADAS is tested to great accuracy and reliability. The working principle and the added value of VEHIL are demonstrated with test results of an adaptive cruise control and a forward collision warning system. On the basis of the ‘V’ diagram, the position of VEHIL in the development process of ADASs is illustrated.     

日本E233系车辆的车体结构与强度

介绍了日本E233系车辆的车体结构与强度，着重阐述了在E233系头车端部采用的冲击能量吸收结构及提高车体防侧面冲撞的安全性技术措施。     

基于测速与测距技术的汽车安全座椅设计

为提高汽车的正面防撞安全性能,降低甚至避免二次碰撞危害,文章特提出一种新型的汽车安全座椅的设计方案。文章介绍了基于测速与测距技术的汽车安全座椅在功能、结构设计及椅背倾角调节等方面的关键问题,并从基础理论的角度进行了可行性验证,说明该技术能提前预测碰撞危险,并及时采取措施避让,提高了汽车的安全性。     

基于结构性能快速评估的舰船碰撞损伤剩余强度分析

从舰船结构强度分析领域的实际工程需要出发,指出舰船结构性能快速评估的作用与意义,结合多种计算机辅助结构设计软件,探讨基于数值仿真的舰船结构性能快速评估方法,同时搭建初步的快速评估系统框架.舰船结构碰撞损伤实例分析表明,该快速评估系统可以同步快速分析各种碰撞损伤以及对应损伤状态下的结构剩余强度,体现出基于结构性能快速评估...     

客车蒙皮和玻璃对追尾碰撞仿真结果的影响

建立某6127型营运客车无蒙皮和玻璃、有蒙皮无玻璃及有蒙皮和玻璃3种情况的追尾碰撞有限元分析模型,进行客车追尾碰撞的仿真研究,分析各因素对仿真结果的影响.通过后围骨架的吸能量、客车质心和座椅头枕处的加速度以及后排座椅的位移量变化3项指标的对比分析,结果表明:在追尾碰撞中蒙皮具有一定的缓冲吸能作用,对计算结果影响较大;玻...     

超高车辆碰撞桥梁的有限元损伤分析

基于ABAQUS有限元分析软件,充分考虑钢筋与混凝土的共同受力及混凝土的材料非线性,对超高车辆碰撞桥梁进行仿真模拟.针对不同车速下超高车辆对桥梁的撞击问题,分析车-桥的碰撞机理及撞击对桥梁的损伤情况.分析发现:碰撞速度越大,主梁应力越大,且达到最大应力所需的时间越短;碰撞对主梁的损伤破坏是非常大的,特别是受拉损伤,且损...