基于可靠度的船撞桥梁倒塌概率分析

针对大型复杂桥梁,运用可靠度理论对船撞桥梁倒塌概率进行计算是船撞评估方法发展的必然趋势.基于可靠度理论,将VC++与通用有限元软件ANSYS结合,编制了ANSYS-响应面法船撞桥梁可靠度计算程序.并采用该方法对嘉陵江黄花园大桥的船撞桥梁倒塌概率及可靠度灵敏度指标进行了计算.结果表明:当桥区水位处于174 m常水位时,船撞桥墩的倒塌概率较大;影响桥梁在船撞作用下倒塌概率的主要因素是容重、船舶撞击速度、船舶撞击角度、混凝土抗压强度.     

潜艇水下碰撞特性数值研究

为分析碰撞中潜艇结构的损伤特性,选取2500t级双壳体潜艇作为研究对象,对潜艇结构进行等比例实体建模,并采取潜艇船艏与舷侧部位的撞击形式.利用大型非线性有限元软件Ls-Dyna,从能量、碰撞力和冲击环境3个角度研究碰撞的影响,得出以下结论：潜艇外壳及中间结构是吸能的主要结构,刚度较弱的潜艇艏部会产生大的塑性变形区,而刚度较强的舷侧结构的响应则以动能为主,且伴随着小范围的塑性变形区;撞击力在艏部临界速度附近,产生单峰值及双峰值现象,并确定临界速度值约为15～16kn;船长方向的冲击环境成对数函数分布,按中级损伤程度,对艇员的影响区域为距离船艏撞击区约0.11倍艇长范围.     

防护装置外围板的改进对船桥碰撞的影响

从防护装置与船体产生的最大碰撞力、吸能等角度,提出将钢-聚氨酯夹层结构应用到可拆卸式船桥碰撞防护装置的改进方案。对改进后防护装置在船桥碰撞过程中采用非线性有限元技术进行仿真计算,分析碰撞过程中的碰撞力、能量吸收等耐撞性指标。通过计算表明使用钢-聚氨酯夹层结构替换防护装置的外围板,提高了结构尺度利用率,在有效行程内降低了碰撞力和增加总体的能量吸收,提高了整体的碰撞性能。     

船舶与钢管板桩码头碰撞仿真分析

以卡西姆国际集装箱码头的真实资料为基础,选取主要技术参数在hypermesh软件中建立完整的船舶与码头碰撞耦合模型．通过显示动力分析软件LS—DYNA的计算,得出了船舶与钢管板桩混合码头碰撞过程以及码头的破损过程,观测与分析码头结构系统在不同碰撞速度下的撞击响应．结合码头结构破坏等级及分类,对码头实际的防撞能力做出科学评估,并就码头的撞损情况提出修复建议．     

室内停车场防撞带设计的碰撞仿真分析

针对室内停车场碰撞事故的伤害问题,提出了停车场防撞带的设计,建立有无防撞带的车辆碰撞模型,并对长方体防撞带与波浪形防撞带进行性能分析比较,运用LS-DYNA软件对车辆、防撞带以及墙体碰撞进行仿真模拟。得到防撞带和车辆翼子板的等效应力分布和能量转化情况,证实了防撞带能有效减少车辆的损害程度,且长方体防撞带效果更好。     

海洋导管架平台K型节点碰撞性能研究

管节点是海洋平台设计研究中的一个重要内容。本文以海洋平台中最常见的K型节点为研究对象,用MSC/Dytran数值模拟了K型节点在撞击荷载作用下的损伤特性,对平台设计中常见的管节点加强措施与未加强措施的管节点进行了比较研究,研究表明采用加强筋措施效果较好。     

海上光污染及对现行《国际海上避碰规则》的修改意见

从探讨海上光污染的概念出发,分别利用亮度对比度、可见度水平的计算公式和格拉斯曼的颜色混合定律分析了亮度对比度和颜色对比度对船舶号灯可识别性的影响;同时,分析了眩光对船舶驾驶人员视力的影响,并介绍了目前世界上比较统一的眩光评价模型。在此基础上,结合航海实践及教学研究经验,对现行《国际海上避碰规则》提出了减小与防范这种影响的修改意见。     

From robotics to automotive: Lane-keeping and collision avoidance based on elastic bands

In the near future, drivers will more and more share vehicle guidance with assistance systems. This contribution provides a potential field-based approach to the underlying motion planning problem. In doing so, the concept of elastic bands, known from robotics, is extended to automotive applications. Contrary to robotic applications, extrapolation routines anticipating the motion of the surrounding traffic are incorporated in the motion planning. New in this paper is the distinction of different types of obstacles such as traffic staying in its lane and traffic intending to depart from it. Beyond that, the motion planning adapts to the driver's commands. The driver can be included in the overall control loop by means of a haptic interface generating a torque that depends on the difference of the actual steering angle and the steering angle necessary to follow the planned trajectory. However, this contribution focuses only on the underlying motion planning procedure.     

A simplified method to efficiently design steel fenders subjected to vessel head-on collisions

Steel fenders have been widely used to protect bridges from vessel collisions because of their relatively large plastic deformability and energy dissipation capacity. In the design of a steel fender, detailed finite element (FE) models are usually employed. However, detailed FE analysis involves complicated modeling and substantial computation time. This method is often not applicable, particularly during preliminary design iterations. For this reason, a simplified analytical method was developed in this paper with the aim to efficiently design steel fenders under vessel collisions. For primary individual members of steel fenders, the deformation mechanisms and models as well as participations during various collision scenarios were discussed in detail. By combining the contributions of primary members, a general analytical procedure was presented to rapidly estimate the force-deformation relationship of steel fenders under various bow impacts. For the fixed and floating steel fenders, several collision scenarios were simulated by FE models to verify the accuracy of the developed analytical method. The crushing resistances and energy dissipation capacities estimated by the developed analytical method were in good agreement with those obtained from the FE simulations. Based on the analytical method, an energy-based design approach was proposed for the efficient design of steel fenders. The developed design approach was demonstrated to be capable of predicting the crush depth and peak impact force of a steel fender with good accuracy.     

论AIS、RADAR、VHF在船舶避碰中的优势互补

重点阐述了AIS、VHF、RADAR在船舶避碰中的优势和不足,船舶驾驶员只有全面掌握其性能和特点,恰当地使用才能保证船舶安全。